A HISTORY OF DURHAM 



method adopted of cutting back the walls on 

 the outside in order to straighten them entailed 

 the destruction of the exteriors of the 12th- 

 century windows. These were replaced by 

 the present deeply recessed windows with 

 four-centred low arched heads and with ogee 

 hood moulds finished with coarsely designed 

 fleurs-de-lis. The original exterior of the 

 windows, however, may be seen from the two 

 windows inclosed by Bishop Cosin's staircase, 

 and are by this means luckily preserved. Each 

 consists of two lights divided by a semi-cylindri- 

 cal mullion or shaft, with cushioned capital, 

 surmounted by semicircular heads worked from 

 a single stone. The arrangement described is 

 fairly perfect on the south wall, and especially 

 so on the west wall, where there are two dis- 

 engaged shafts to each supporting lintel, but 

 there remain only fragmentary portions on 

 the north wall. The eastern window in the 

 south wall has had the large centre arch re- 

 moved and a four-centred arched head inserted. 

 The roof was originally of low pitch, as is 

 proved by the existence of shallow gutter 

 stones on the west wall. This roof was sub- 

 sequently removed and a high pitch open timber 

 roof substituted, probably by Bishop Hatfield, 

 some small portions of the rilss of which remain 

 on the corbels originally carrying the principals. 

 To Bishop Hatfield may also be attributed the 

 west window of three lights with almost flam- 

 boyant tracery (recently renewed) which can 

 be seen in the present roof. The east window 

 now forming an entrance to the roof is of 

 16th-century date. The mullions have been 

 removed from this window, and it has now 

 been formed into a door%vay. Hatfield's roof 

 was removed, doubtless, partially on account 

 of the pressure upon the outer walls. According 

 to the proceedings in the dispute between 

 Mr. Shirley and Mr. Course, it was stated 

 ' that a new roof was put on 80 years ago,' viz., 

 in 1670, and it is fair to presume that it was 

 Hatfield's roof which was destroyed at this 

 time. A further report, unsigned, but dated 

 15 April, '94 (1794 ?) mentions the roof to 

 be in a very bad state,** so that it is probable 



'2 The date 1770 is painted on one of the main 

 timbers. A Report dated April 1794 — By his Lord- 

 ship's desire — ' Roof over the Armoury, is in a very 

 indifferent state ; the principal timbers is much sunk 

 and given away from thare oridgonnal borings, likwis 

 decayed at the ends, the main support depends on the 

 upright timbers which stands upon corbels below the 

 floor as shewn on the plan, the lead upon the roof and 

 gutters, is in a very bad state being soldered in a 

 number of part, renders it almost in one piece ; 

 consequently will require great repairs from time to 

 time. The floor is much sunk particuler that part 

 over the Judge's Rooms the principal beams have but 

 Uttle baring on the walls the other parts is in a more 



the present roof dates back to the time of Bishop 



Barrington. 



The lower hall of Pudsey's building having 

 been subdivided, the necessity arose for a corridor 

 to connect the various apartments, and no 

 doubt it was felt that a chapel easier of access, 

 and more in keeping with the modern ideas of 

 comfort, was desirable. To supply this want. 

 Bishop Tunstall (1530-59) erected the present 

 gallery, stair turret and chapel,*' a group which 

 adds largely to the appearance of the courtyard. 

 The corridor, which is of two stories, stands 

 on the south of Pudsey's hall, and occupies a 

 portion of the Norman courtyard. It may 

 originally have been extended to the Great 

 Hall. At the west end there is said to have 

 been a staircase, and the flight of stairs in the 

 south wall of Bishop Pudsey's building seems 

 to form a connecting link between the newel 

 stair in the south-west turret and a staircase 

 now destroyed on the site of the great staircase. 

 The staircase with the adjoining portion of the 

 gallery was probably destroyed when Cosin 

 erected the Great Stair. 



The exterior of Tunstall's Gallery consists 

 of five and a half bays divided by buttresses 

 of three stages. Immediately above the but- 

 tresses runs a moulded string and a modern 

 embattled parapet. The upper corridor is 

 lighted with five square-headed windows of 

 three lights with hood moulds, each vnndow 

 subdivided by a transom and finished at the 

 top with three-centred arched heads. The 

 buttresses on each side of the fourth bay are 

 carried up considerably above the others and 

 finished with a parapet as before ; the window 

 here is of five lights and of double the height 

 of the others, indicating perhaps that the 

 Norman doorway of Pudsey's building was 

 exposed and in use when this window was 

 constructed. The lower part of this bay is 

 occupied by a modern doorway made probably 

 when the tunnel entrance to the old chapel 

 was formed about 1840. Each of the other 

 bays of the lower story is occupied by a two- 

 light mullioned window beside which is a small 

 doorway with four-centred arch and hood 

 mould, the doors of which are apparently of 

 Bishop Crewe's date. These doorways were 

 probably formed for the convenience of ingress 

 and egress of the numerous guests on great 

 occasions. Over the lower window of the third 

 bay is inserted a shield bearing Bishop Tunstall's 

 arms (three combs) impaling the see with two 

 diminutive cocks as supporters, surmounted 

 by a mitre arising out of a coronet. The 



favourable state Except the small joists which have 

 but Uttle baring on the walls — owing to the great 

 settlement of the floor.' 

 «' Hist. Dunelm. Script. Tres (Surt. Soc), 155. 



82 



