CITY OF DURHAM 



shield is surrounded on the top and sides by 

 a deep hood mould. 



The stone used by Bishop Tunstall is from 

 the Browney Quarry and his ashlar is worked 

 in unusually large rectangular stones in courses 

 of varying depths ; the jointing is small. It 

 is to be noted that the bed joints of his buttresses 

 do not coincide with the joints of his walling. 

 His ashlar work appears to have been always 

 finished with a ' stippled ' dressing. Two semi- 

 circular rain-water heads, which may be seen 

 here, are of the i8th century. 



Inside the modern lean-to roof are indications 

 of two earlier roofs which have probably been 

 altered from time to time to ease the pressure 

 of Bishop Pudsey's south wall upon the gallery 

 wall. 



The interior of the lower gallery has been 

 divided into three apartments by panelled and 

 carved doorvvays and screens removed from 

 the cathedral. The walls of the centre apart- 

 ment are covered with odd pieces of Bishop 

 Cosin's and Bishop Crewe's panelling, swags 

 and other carvings from the same source ; 

 they vary in effectiveness, some being boldly 

 and spiritedly done, while others are shallow 

 and poor. Some pieces of them are believed 

 to have belonged to the old organ screen removed 

 from the cathedral about 1873. In the western 

 apartment, and at the bottom of the Great 

 Stair, portions of the constructural pointed 

 arches of Bishop Pudsey's south wall may be 

 seen. 



The ceiling of the upper corridor is modern 

 and calls for no remark. The gaUery is closed at 

 each end with screens, the west one undoubtedly 

 of Bishop Cosin's time, bearing his arms in the 

 centre of a typical frieze, and a large coronet 

 and mitre in the bold pediment. The details 

 of the doors are similar to those of the staircase. 

 The screen at the east end may be of the same 

 date, but is much less elaborate, and of poorer 

 workmanship, but the gilded eagle referred to 

 in 1664 is in position above the door.** The 

 balusters in each look like insertions of a later 

 date, probably by Bishop Crewe, whose screen 

 in the chapel has similar half balusters, but 

 worked upon the solid frame. In the raised 

 portion of the ceiling, in front of the doorway 

 just mentioned, hang two plaster figure panels, 

 with central shields bearing St. Cuthbert's 

 Cross. Hanging in the large window is a fine 

 piece of coloured glass of the 15th century. 

 It is of Flemish origin, depicting the judg- 

 ment of Solomon in the centre, surrounded by 



" Contract dated 4 Jan. 1664. ' John Baltist Van 

 Ersell, limner, undertakes to paint the skreines and 

 all the wainscot worke in the Gallerie of Durham 

 Castle — and also gild a miter & one eagle in the sayd 

 Gallerie.' {Bp. Cosin's Corresp. [Surt. Soc], ii, 

 App. 378-9.) 



emblematical figures. The walls of the gallery 

 are hung with French tapestry, probably of 

 late 16th-century date. 



The chapel stair turret or clock tower, which 

 was built by Bishop Tunstall,** gives access to 

 his gallery and chapel. It projects boldly into the 

 courtyard, the south end being semi-octagonal 

 on plan. The turret has a window lighting the 

 stairs and two windows in a chamber over the 

 stairs, all of similar detail to those in the gallerj'. 

 On the inner jambs of the chamber window occur 

 two stone shields, wreathed on top, the eastern- 

 most bearing Tunstall's three combs; the other, 

 now defaced, apparently bore his crest. His coat 

 of arms is also displayed upon the outer face of 

 the south wall. A little above the entrance floor 

 level, and hidden on the outside by ivy, is a 

 squint with circular splayed opening about 12 in. 

 in diameter, with widely splayed internal jambs ; 

 below the squint is a projecting splayed stone 

 seat the entire width of the turret. The entrance 

 doorway on the west is considerably recessed 

 and has a flat pointed head surmounted by a 

 deep mould. The outer jambs were moulded, 

 but the moulding has been cut away for the 

 insertion of an outer door frame. The doors 

 are modern. The stairs are of stone with winders 

 at the bottom of the flight. The doorway at 

 the top has a flat pointed head, the jambs of the 

 outer side are stop-chamfered, and the inner 

 jambs splayed, moulded and stopchamfered. 

 The walls of the upper chamber are carried over 

 the gallery by chamfered stone arches. In the 

 south-west angle of the chamber are the remains 

 of stone angle corbels connected with the con- 

 struction of the original roof. The ancient 

 staircase has square panelled oak newels, the 

 panels filled with a leaf ornament, and finished 

 at the top with square capital and ballfinial; the 

 handrail is shaped and moulded, and the baluster 

 is also shaped. 



There is clear evidence that as originally 

 constructed the turret was only two stories in 

 height, terminating with a string-course and 

 parapet similar to and at the same height as 

 that of the chapel. The stonework of the addition 

 is noticeably different from the rest, and the 

 back of the east wall is actually built upon a 

 portion of the return parapet of the chapel. 

 The addition was probably made in the 

 17th century and was in existence in Bishop 

 Crewe's time, as is shown by a picture preserved 

 in the castle.** It was then crowned by a 

 wooden bell turret which has now also disap- 

 peared, although the main cross timbers framed 

 to support the turret still exist. Doubtless this 

 chamber was built by Crewe and intended to 



«5 Hist. Dunelm. Script. Tres (Surt. Soc), 155. 

 ** See picture hanging in Senate Room Lobby, and 

 other prints. 



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