A HISTORY OF DURHAM 



house the machinery of a clock.*^ As, however, 

 there are only two small square openings in 

 the waUs it was clearly not intended to hold a 

 bell, and the small campanile was evidently 

 built for this purpose. The clock has also dis- 

 appeared, but a bell given by Bishop Crewe 

 hangs on the west side of the chamber, probably 

 placed there when the campanile became 

 ruinous ; it is rigidly fixed and the outer rim 

 bears evident marks of being struck continuously 

 in one spot by the clock hammer. It is of fine 

 tone, 2 ft. in diameter at the rim, and of similar 

 height surmounted by a crown. Near the 

 shoulder it is encircled by two double narrow 

 bands between which is the following inscrip- 

 tion, the date being below the bands : 



n: dnvs: crewe epus: dun elm : posvit anno 

 cons: 34 et trans: ab. oxon: 3 r: p : fe: 1705. 



This clock, purchased many years ago by a 

 general dealer, has been traced and returned to 

 the Castle by the generosity of Mr. J. F. Hodson. 



Bishop Tunstall's Chapel'* is entered from the 

 top of the stair at the east end of Tunstall's 

 Gallery through a doorway of a similar character 

 to those already described. It gives admittance 

 to the chapel by a lobby under the organ loft at 

 the west end. The walls have been built upon 

 the foundations of a Norman building. A portion 

 of the west wall is formed by the wall of the 

 early newel staircase, which originally led to the 

 chapel. In the wall a doorway existed giving 

 access from this staircase, and beside it is a second 

 doorway connecting Bishop Pudsey's building 

 with whatever apartment existed here before the 

 chapel. Both are now visible, but blocked. The 

 roof is divided into seven bays; the part of the 

 building covered by the five western bays 

 with the chamber beneath was constructed by 

 Bishop Tunstall. The extension of two bays at 

 the east end has been generally ascribed to Bishop 

 Cosin, but owing to the absence of records and 

 the indefinite character of the work it is impos- 

 sible to say definitely whether he or Bishop Crewe 

 executed the work.** Whoever it was, it is certain 



*' Billings, in County Antiquities, illustrates a 

 circular clockface upon the south front of the turret, 



•* Hist. Dunelm. Script. Ires (Surt. Soc), 155. 



** The \'ery Rev. Henry Gee, Dean of Gloucester, 

 fornierly master of University College, Durham, is 

 strongly of opinion that Crewe built the extension. 

 There are many records of Cosin's work at the castle 

 in existence, and his donations to the chapel are 

 enumerated, but no mention of the extension. Bishop 

 Cosin, in a document dated 1667, mentions the chapel 

 which ' we have recently restored in our Castle in 

 Durham.' This document also mentions the orna- 

 ments provided for ' the minor Chapel in the Castle 

 of Durham.' A possible guide may be found on the 

 ceiling , on this at the termination of the wall pieces 

 and spandrels are a series of shields bearing arms as 



that Bishop Tunstall's east window was re-erected 

 in the new east gable, as his arms and badge, 

 three combs and a cock, are worked on shields 

 on the north and south jambs, and in addition 

 the dressing of his stonework is easily recognised 

 by the ' stipphng.' The interior of the walls of 

 the extension are built with roughly squared 

 stones in irregular courses, evidently intended to 

 be plastered or panelled, in great contrast to the 

 carefully dressed work of Tunstall. 



The chapel is lighted on the south by five 

 windows of three lights in two tiers having four- 

 centred heads, with jambs slightly splayed on the 

 inside and moulded outside. The lights below 

 the transoms have four-centred heads, the points 

 of which are hardly determinable, and the lights 

 above are similar but are distinctly pointed. In 

 the two easternmost windows the centre upper 

 light is semicircular. The tracery of all these 

 windows has been renewed.™ At the west end 

 are two square-headed windows, the upper 

 doubtless intended to light the old gallery and 

 the lower the Ante Chapel or space below the 

 gallery ; they are of Tunstall's date and closely 

 correspond in detail to the windows of the 

 Tapestry Gallery. The east window is of similar 

 character to those first described, but fiUed by 

 five lights divided by a transom, the heads of all 

 the lights being semicircular. The glass is by 

 Kempe and was given in 1909 in memory of the 

 Rev. H. A. White, once tutor of the University. 



The two windows on the north side are modern 

 and were inserted to light the staircase to the 

 keep. The doorway, apparently of Tunstall's 

 date, on the north side, possibly led to a sacristy 

 which was destroyed when the new approach to 

 the keep was made. About the centre of the south 



follows : from west to east the shields for the Tun- 

 stall bays show the see and Cosin's alternately, while 

 in the two bays of the extension they are Crewe, 

 Crewe impahng see, and Crewe. The arrangement 

 indicates that both Bishop Crewe and Cosin did some- 

 thing worthy of commemoration to the chapel, and 

 the dominance of Bishop Crewe's arms at the east 

 end may be intended to testify to that prelate as the 

 builder of the two eastern bays. On the other hand, 

 Cosin depended greatly upon woodwork for his interior 

 decoration, and the rough interior face of the walls 

 of the extension indicates there was an intention 

 to panel, and this fact possibly points in favour of 

 Cosin as the builder. Against this may be put the 

 fact that Crewe made the castle his principal place 

 of residence and entertained very largely, and probably 

 required more accommodation in the chapel. 



'" These windows differ from all other of Bishop 

 Tunstall's windows, the heads being four-centred and 

 the hood mould and arch worked in difiFerent stones, 

 whereas all his other windows are square-headed with 

 hood and heads worked on the same stone. The inner 

 arch, however, is four-centred and has every appear- 

 ance of Bishop Tunstall's workmanship, though may, 

 of course, have been carefully copied. 



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