8 INTRODUCTION. 



il//»o}-jjrof/»(?e means all forest produce except timber and 

 firewood. 



Increment means the material produced on a tree, or a given 

 area, in a certain time ; aiiiiiKil increment means the material 

 produced in one year. 



Grou-huj stock means the material actually standing on a 

 given area at a certain time ; it consists of an accumulation 

 of annual increments from the creation of the wood up to a 

 given time less the quantity which has been taken out. 



Rotation means the time w'hich elapses between the forma- 

 tion of a crop of trees and its final removal. 



Final yield means the material obtained by the removal of 

 the final crop, w^hether the removal is effected by one or by 

 several successive cuttings. 



Intermediate yield means the material obtained by inter- 

 mediate cuttings, or cleanings, thinnings and pruning. 



The three principal sylvicultural systems, or methods of 

 treatment, are represented by high forest, coppice forest and 

 coppice with standards : — 



Seedling or high forest. — The trees have sprung up from 

 seed ; they are permitted to grow up until they have reached 

 the desired size, when they are cut over, and a new crop is 

 started again consisting of seedlings ; ordinarily, the final 

 cutting does not take place until after the end of the pole 

 stage. 



Coppice forest, or copse. — The trees consist of stool shoots or 

 root suckers which are cut over periodically, either close to 

 the ground or at some distance from it, every succeeding crop 

 being produced in the same way. 



Coppice icith standards, or stored coppice. — A combination of 

 the above two systems : the forest consists of an overwood and 

 an underwood ; the latter is a coppice which is periodically 

 cut over, the stools providing each time a fresh crop ; the 

 overwood consists of seedling trees, and occasionally of vigorous 

 stool shoots, which are allowed to reach at least twice the age 

 of tlie underwood, and are called tjje standards or stores. 



