SUMMARY. 115 



add to the future out-turn of teak from that province. In 

 addition, an area of 1,679 acres has heen planted with the 

 rubber plant, Hevea hraziliensis, in the Tennasserim circle of 

 Burma. 



The above figures do, apparently, not include the well- 

 known Changa Manga plantation in the Punjab, which is 

 now classed as a forest. It comprises an area of 11,000 

 acres, was started about the year 1868 and yields now a 

 handsome revenue, representing some 8 per cent, on the 

 invested capital. This plantation was made on practically 

 desert land by means of surplus water of the Bari-Doab 

 Canal. The appended three illustrations show the land in its 

 natural condition and 17 years after the planting had been 

 commenced. Similar plantations might, with advantage, be 

 formed in other parts of the Punjab. 



5. Summari). 



History having shown that in India the preservation of an 

 appropriate percentage of the area as forest cannot be left 

 to private enterprise, the Government of that countr}' saw 

 many years ago that forest conservancy must be regarded as 

 a duty to be undertaken by the State. The measures thus 

 inaugurated have led to the establishment of a well organised 

 Department which has charge of some 149,000,000 acres 

 (232,701 square miles) of forests. This represents nearly 

 one-fourth of the total area of British India, and is equal to 

 nearly twice the area of Great Britain and Ireland. Some of 

 these woods had been practically destroyed when the Depart- 

 ment took charge of them, while others were as yet in a 

 better condition. Now, everywhere the good efl'ects of pro- 

 tection and proper management are apparent. An economic 

 system of utilizing the produce of the forest has been intro- 

 duced. The Indian Government forests are throughout 

 treated on the principle of a sustained and increasing yield. 

 The material which has been removed is replaced by natural 

 regeneration, brought about by the properly arranged cutting of 



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