222 FORESTRY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. 



Staxdards Cut. 



In this example it has heen assumed that asli, larch, etc., 

 disappear at the age of eighty years, oak only being allowed 

 to reach a higher age. Any other suitable combination may, 

 of course, be adopted ; for instance, some of the eighty-year- 

 old oaks may be cut out, or si)ecially fine oaks may be allowed 

 to grow beyond the age of 100 years. In such cases, the 

 other figures must be modified accordingly. It is, under any 

 circumstances, necessary to begin with a large number of 

 young standards per acre, to guard against accidents, and 

 because not all will develop into fine timber trees. In selecting 

 the twenty-year-old standards, or tellers, the finest specimens 

 are chosen, and these reduced step by step, allowing only the 

 most promising trees to reach maturity. In this wa)% timber 

 of various dimensions is obtained at every cutting. It goes 

 without saying that in addition to oak, ash and larch any 

 other suitable species may be introduced, as, for instance, 

 spruce, a few specimens of which are very desirable in 

 pheasant preserves. The distribution of the standards over 

 the area should be such that each coupe contains about the 

 same number with the proper proportion in the age classes. 

 In some cases, the standards are arranged by single trees, 

 each separated from its neighbour ; in others, they stand in 

 small groups. 



The system of placing the standards into moderate sized 

 groups can specially be recommended, because : 



(1.) far more valuable timber trees are produced, as the 

 standards draw each other up ; and, 



