26 NORTHERN HARDWOOD TYPE 



This means that a felling crew of 2 men would have to fell and 

 buck 3M per day, the skidding crew handle as much, and the 

 hauling teams make three trips per day with at least 300 board 

 feet per load. 



The logging and milling methods follow very closely those 

 employed in the spruce type. The large camp is the rule because 

 of the greater efficiency secured by having the men close to their 

 work. Skidding on the bare ground is the common practice 

 because the logs must be bunched up before being hauled out on 

 two-sleds. The slopes are seldom steep enough to make it worth 

 while to bobsled the logs directly to the railroad or mill. Hard- 

 wood logs cannot be successfully driven. The capacity of the 

 mill varies within wide Hmits. Many successful operations have 

 large mills with railroad transportation from the woods. This 

 insures the highest efficiency of manufacture because solid foun- 

 dations are needed if hardwood is to be sawn well. But it does not 

 encourage close utilization in the woods. By reason of the cost 

 of transportation to the mill there is a strong tendency to only 

 haul out the high grade material. To prevent this loss of the 

 lower grades and save on the haul from the woods the experiment 

 has been tried of placing the mill in the woods. Then a higher 

 percentage of the felled tree reaches the mill but only the seasoned 

 product in a more or less finished state is hauled out. If the 

 produce is boards the saving on the haul is considerable since 

 even air seasoned hardwood lumber weighs about* half that of the 

 same amount of lumber in log form. An even greater saving 

 can be made where some form of finished product is nianufactured. 

 Dowel, handle and bobbin mills, for example, located close to the 

 woods, utilize the tree fairly closely and have merely the finished 

 product to haul. 



All the species make excellent firewood since they have a fuel 

 value per cord equivalent to about three-quarters of a ton of 

 coal. Cordwood cost from $1.50 to $2.50 to cut and pile in 1915, 

 or 7 to 10 man hours, and the hauling did not exceed 5c cents per 

 cord per mile. 



Average selling prices are difficult to give because of the 

 variety of uses to which the different species are put. The figures 



