42 WHITE PINE TYPE 



foot lengths and piling takes about t\nce as long per cord so that 

 the average day's work is six cords for two men. Hence the 

 total cost of the logging was about $i per cord in 1914 under 

 favorable circumstances but contracts could seldom be let for 

 less than $1.25 per cord and often ran up nearly to $2. The 

 hauling cost varies with the number of turns per day but rarely 

 exceeded 50 cents per mile per cord. The proper stumpage price 

 for any tract may be closely approximated from these costs by 

 deducting them from the sale value. Aspen is sometimes used 

 for lumber where durability is not a factor but it is a soft, weak 

 wood which is difhcult to season and did not sell for more than 

 $25 per M retail. As fuel it is excellent where a quick, hot fire 

 is desired but did not sell for more than $4 a cord in four-foot 

 lengths, because there are so many better fuel woods in the 

 northeast. These figures would have to be doubled to bring 

 them to a 1920 status. 



The stumpage price of butternut is determined by the value of 

 black walnut for which it is a cheaper substitute. The latter has 

 long held the position of our most valuable tree species, the 

 average stumpage price according to the 1900 Census being $5. 

 Butternut would not bring more than half that price. Both 

 species find their highest use in the furniture trade where mill 

 run butternut commanded a value of $35 per M f.o.b. the wood- 

 working establishment in 19 14. Its logging is comparatively 

 expensive because it does not occur in pure stands but scattered 

 here and there on deep soiled fertile spots. Hence the actual 

 cost of getting the logs from the stump to the mill and turning out 

 boards was seldom less than $10 per M. Subtracting this 

 amount plus a margin of $5 per M for freight and miscellaneous 

 charges from the average sale value left a maximum stumpage 

 price of $20 per M. 



Hickory is another species which is very valuable to a certain 

 class of woodworkers but which is often left to rot in the woods 

 because of the difficulty of getting it to the user in the form which 

 he demands. Hickory commanded an average stumpage price 

 of $6.69 per M in 1900 in spite of the fact that it is the best handle 

 and spoke material in the world. For the selected boards which 



