LOGGING COSTS FOR LUMBER 189 



Cypress. 



Southern pine (to some extent). 

 Hemlock-spruce. 

 II. Costs ranging from $1.50 to $2.50 per M or three to four 

 man hours and four to five horse hours per M. 



Various methods employed. Medium sized logs. Soft, light 

 woods. 



Southern pine. 

 Virgin white pine. 

 Western yeUow pine. 

 Silver pine. 

 Yellow poplar cove. 

 Hemlock. 



Eastern and western spruce. 

 Lodgepole pine. 

 Second growth white pine. 

 in. Costs ranging from $2.50 to $3.50 per M or four and one- 

 half to five man hours and six horse hours per M. 

 Various methods employed. Hard, heavy woods. 

 Northern hardwoods. 

 Southern hardwoods. 

 Tropical hardwoods. 

 The third step in the typical lumbering operation, hauling, is 

 similar in principle to skidding. The time going and coming is 

 what determines the cost. But naturally, since distances rang- 

 ing from I mile to 20 are involved greater care is taken to pro- 

 vide an easy running conveyance and a smooth hauling surface. 

 The simplest and cheapest method of log transport is driving. 

 Starting from the mere rolling of logs into a deep channel it has 

 developed into a highly specialized business with elaborate sets of 

 reservoirs, splash dams, channel improvements, bank reinforce- 

 ments, miles of booms and various ways of rafting across still 

 water. Comparatively small streams are now successfully 

 driven. A standard figure in the northeast where the conditions 

 have been very favorable for the development of this method has 

 long been a cent a mile per M board feet. With such a low charge 



