LOGGING COSTS FOR LUMBER 193 



nish a market for the waste wood which would otherwise have to 

 be burnt. Frequently, one or more wood using industries sprang 

 up in the neighborhood and depended upon its by-products for 

 their raw material. Such a mill is economical in its use of the 

 logs brought to it but it must have a large body of good timber to 

 draw upon. In the woods the utilization is usually low because 

 only the better logs will repay transportation. Consequently it 

 has frequently happened that only 30 per cent of the tree has been 

 taken out for lumber. 



The portable mill is an attempt to meet conditions entirely 

 opposite to those under which the large mill works most advan- 

 tageous y. When a section has passed from the pioneer timber- 

 mining stage into the farming era there still remain many bodies 

 of timber which are too small for the large mill to handle. In- 

 stead of hauling the logs to the mill, the mill goes to the timber. 

 The good roads of a farming community make this possible. All 

 the valuable timber is salvaged and yet only Hght, seasoned lum- 

 ber is hauled out. The portable mill justifies itself by the saving 

 in transportation charges alone. However, conditions do not 

 warrant its use in many regions as yet. The farm woodlot is its 

 field of greatest usefulness so that it is successfully employed in 

 the following types in many instances: 



Northern spruce. 

 Northern hardwoods. 

 Second growth white pine. 

 Southern pine (especially second growth). 

 Southern hardwoods (cove, slope, and ridge). 

 Likewise the scattered stands of the Rocky Mountains make it 

 applicable in the following types : 

 Engelmann spruce. 

 Lodgepole pine. 

 Western yellow pine. 

 Fir-larch. 



The other types are almost universally logged to a large mill 

 because they have extensive stands of timber which justify the 

 development of means of log transportation. 



