on. The Turw Out. 35 



discernable, the tushes looking yellowish ; at nine, the fore- 

 most teeth appear longer, yellower, and fouler than before, 

 and the tushes become bluntish ; at ten, no holes are felt on 

 the inside of the upper tushes, which till then are sensible ; 

 add that the temples begin to be crooked and hollow ; at 

 eleven, his teeth are very long, yellow, black, and foul, but 

 he will cut even, and his teeth stand directly opposite to one 

 another ; at twelve, the upper teeth hang over the nether ; 

 at thirteen, the tushes are worn close, if he has been much 

 ridden, otherwise they will be black, foul, and long. 



THE FEET. 



We would here refer the reader to our illustration," Teeth 

 and Feet." Respecting the latter, we received some time 

 ago from the E. S. P. C. A., a very useful and instructive 

 pamphlet, entitled, ''The Horse's Foot," which should be 

 read by all who have to do with horses, and which we 

 here give for the good of the cause, and of the horse in 

 particular : — 



" To most persons, the foot of the horse appears to be only 

 a roundish hard lump of horn, on which an iron shoe is 

 nailed to prevent its being worn away by the roads. Such 

 persons may perhaps hear with astonishment that it is a 

 complex and elaborate instrument, perfectly adapted to the 

 work it is intended to perform, and that our artificial assist- 

 ance, far from preserving, often cripples, and very frequently 

 totally ruins it. 



'' The real foot of the horse, is enclosed in a horny case 

 called the hoof ; the outside rim of this casing forms what is 

 called the crust or ivall. The fore-part is about half an 

 inch thick, becoming thinner towards the back. It extends 

 round towards the heel, and then curves sharply inwards. 



" The ends which incline inwards are called fJu bars. In the 

 natural state of the foot they are quite prominent and visible; 

 but in a horse which has been frequently shod they are often 

 nearly obliterated, as, often, the farrier, by a mistaken and 

 very faulty system, cuts them almost entirely away. The mis- 

 chievous effects of this practice will be seen when we come to 

 consider the uses of the hoof. In the middle and hinder part 

 of the foot is an ela^ic horny substance called the frogy 

 which occupies about a quarter of the sole. It forms a soil 

 and yielding cushion on which the horse's foot partly rests, 



