general appearance of the " Turn Out." The same 

 argument appHes to rush collars, but they possess the 

 advantage of. being handy, light, and non-chafing, and, if 

 well fitted and properly leathered for the hame-draft, rein- 

 ring, and top-strap, they will wear a long time, besides being 

 readily {and with little cost and risk) cut, altered, or eased 

 for sore necks, as circumstances may require. Some collars 

 are made without housings, the side pieces of which are all 

 in one— running right round the collar, and being as a rule 

 manufactured of the best quality— have a very neat and 

 light appearance. These are called broad topped or 

 London collars. The stage and van collars are frequently 

 used now of the same form and make, but of course 

 considerably heavier, and answer the purpose equally as 

 well as with the unsightly housing on the top. If a collar 

 should be too large, a false collar, or shell, can be adapted, 

 which, in case of sore necks, are very useful ; they can be 

 made either of solid leather, or double basil, stuffed with 

 wool and quilted throughout. 



The Bridle is the most complicated of the whole 

 harness, being no other than an ingenious, mechanical 

 contrivance, or number of straps and bands put together 

 for the purpose of carrying the bit safely and securely in 

 the horse's mouth, and for no other purpose was it 

 invented ; therefore, in fixing the head-strap, front, throat- 

 band, winker straps, (if any) and noseband, the bit must 

 not be lost sight of. 



In taking up or loosing out the cheek-billetis, the 

 position, bearing, and action of the bit is materially 

 altered, and the horse's temper considerably affected. 

 The throat-baud should never be buckled tight, but just 

 as safety (in keeping the bridle in its proper position) 

 demands. It is possible for ih.Q /ro?it to be a quarter of 

 an inch too short, which oversight will cause the head-strap 



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