HORSE SENSE. 129 



during the night, when the stalls are well bedded. During the day the 

 bedding is all put forward under the manger. The average period of 

 service at very exacting labor is about seven years. The stables contain 

 from ICO to 200 horses each, located in various parts of the city, to be 

 convenient to the numerous sections of the bus and tram lines. The 

 manager travels over 10,000 miles a year in making his daily rounds. 



MORTALITY FROM ALL CAUSES ONE-HALF OF ONE PER 

 CENT. 



The average percentage of loss from all causes with this company is 

 one-half of one per cent annually, which is as low as could be expected 

 under any regime. 



FEEDS AND FEEDING. 



Proper feeds — balanced rations — in relation to work or exercise is of 

 the utmost importance in the care, development and health of our horses. 



MUSCLE MAKING FOOD AND EXERCISE FOR THE COLTS. 



The young growing animals need plenty of muscle and bone-making 

 food, such as oats, bran, oil meal, beans, peas, clover, hay, etc., but they 

 must have exercise in proportion to the food consumed. And it is im- 

 possible to grow a good strong, useful horse without plenty of exercise. 

 The feed and exercise must always be considered together and the young 

 growing animal should have plenty of both. 



AFTER MATURITY, THE HORSE IS FED FOR HIS WORK 

 AND MAINTENANCE. 



After the horse is matured, then he is to be fed in proportion to the 

 work to be performed, over and above that of maintenance. Like our- 

 selves who eat our breakfast, dinner and supper and weigh the same, he 

 is to be considered in the same light. If he is idle, we should feed him 

 just enough to supply the waste material of the body, and no more, un- 

 less we wish to increase his weight, and this must be done carefully, or 

 derangements of the digestion are likely to occur. 



IDLENESS AND FAT, GREAT ENEMIES TO HORSES. 



We here wish to caution every horseman who is working his horses 

 hard and then suddenly gives them a period of idleness, that the grain 

 ration should be cut down at least one half, and oftimes more would be 

 better for the welfare of the animal. Probably more ailments of the 

 horse are traceable to this, and the irregular hours of feeding than all 

 else combined. Azaturia, and a host of other troubles are almost directly 

 traceable to this one cause of high feeding and idleness— a waste of the 

 food material, and too often the horse. It is a standing saying with the 

 Arabs that "Rest and fat are the greatest enemies of the horse." 



DIFFERENT HORSES NEED DIFFERENT FEEDS AND 

 AMOUNTS. 



Of course, there is a difference in horses; some will require more feed 

 than others, and some will consume much more than they can digest and 



