APPENDIX. 243 



what it is or not. But neither men nor horses can execute any order 

 well without understanding just how to perform the duty, and this is 

 acquired by cool, delilierate, careful and kind explanation without fear 

 of punishment. Well behaved horses are the results of kind, careful 

 handling, but dangerous horses are made so .by fright and fight by those 

 who have undertaken their training. Many of our very best and safest 

 horses under similar treatment can be made dangerous animals in an . 

 incredibly short time in the hands of an abusive, inhuman, cruel, horse- / 

 breaking crank. 



MAKE HORSE TEACHING LESSONS SHORT. 



The education of horses, like that of children, should be confined to 

 short lessons of real practical value. It is best to do the work in a short, 

 exact manner in the same way every day. Take up one thing at a 

 time and be sure the colt fully understands that lesson before undertak- 

 ing another, and it is good practice, as advancement is made, to keep 

 the several lessons in the most useful order and always repeat each in 

 the order taught, when the colt can be depended on to go through the 

 list in the order of advancement without a break. But if the work of 

 education has been done in a haphazard manner, then it is not certain 

 just what can be depended on. 



NO SUDDEN MOVEMENTS. 



As horses are naturally timid and sensitive, it is important that no 

 sudden movements be made in approaching the colt, as these will tend 

 to make it start and jump away, through which it will soon learn that 

 it can avoid being caught, and thereafter be inclined to move away from 

 instead of towards its tutor, a thing to be very much regretted. 



If the handler of the colt will always go to it in a very quiet manner, 

 never seeming to care whether it gets away or not, and never makes a 

 quick movement to catch the colt, but be sure of success when attempted, 

 and always be prepared to catch it at both ends at the same time with 

 one hand under the neck and the other under the hams, then you are 

 sure of success. 



NEVER FRIGHTEN THE COLT. 



Too many persons, thoughtlessly, will try to make the young colt 

 show off by doing something to startle it — make it run, etc. — which is 

 all wrong if the colt is to be made a safe and reliable animal for the 

 future ; or it should at least be deferred until the colt fully understands 

 just what is wanted in many other respects, which cannot be attained 

 until it has had quite an experience in the exhibition business. 



USE AND ABUSE OF THE WHIP. 



That the whip has a place in legitimate horsemanship there is no ques- 

 tion, but there is probably no other one thing in connection with horse 

 education (especially the colt) where the application of the whip is oftener 

 out of place than all others put together. The use of the whip is to 



