14 POULTRY APPLIANCES AND HANDICRAFT 



Another ingenious plan for keeping the water clean 

 appears at the left of Figure 18. A board bracket is 

 nailed to a post or to one of the studding timbers and 

 on the under side of it is horizontally fastened a square 

 piece of broad board which serves as a shelf to keep the 

 droppings from falling into the drinking vessel below. 

 The vessel should be of such a hight that the fowls can- 

 not get between it and the shelf so as to roost on the 

 edge of the vessel. Blocks may be placed below it 

 for this purpose. At the same time the shelf should 

 be sufficiently high that the fowl need only to stoop 



FIG l8: COVERED WATER DISHES 



very slightly to drink. This simple contrivance will 

 be found of great service in protecting the drinking 

 water which must be given to the fowls in their houses 

 on stormy or very cold days. 



The fountain shown at the right side of Figure 

 1 8 will also keep the water fairly clean, besides having 

 a distinct merit of its own. Such breeds as the Leg- 

 horns, Minorcas and some others have such large combs 

 and wattles that there is much danger in watering them 

 in winter from open dishes. They wet these head appen- 

 dages, then become chilled and many times frozen. A 

 device for avoiding this is shown in the cut. A dish, 



