MARKETING EGGS AND POULTRY 357 



3. Cracked eggs. 



4. Broody hens. 



5. Stolen nests. 



6. Irregularity in gathering. 



7. Storing in a warm place. 



8. Keeping too long before marketing. 



9. Fertility, or keeping males with the flock. 

 10. Exposing near stoves or in the hot sunshine. 

 There is a financial loss due to : 



1. A loss in quality. 



2. A system of buying by the dozen or case-count with- 

 out reference to quality. 



3. Indirect methods of buying which add to the cost. 



4. Express rates which discriminate against shipments 

 in small quantities. 



5. Lack of co-operative effort between producers on the 

 one hand, and between producers and dealers and con- 

 sumers on the other. 



Conclusion. Improvement in quality will come when 

 the producer who has eggs of good quality to sell insists 

 upon the purchaser paying him according to quality, and, 

 on the other hand, when the purchaser establishes the in- 

 flexible rule of grading eggs and paying according to grade. 



Improvement in financial returns will come with im- 

 provement in quality; improvement in transportation; ex- 

 tension of the refrigerator service; more direct marketing 

 and with co-operation between producers and between pro- 

 ducers and consumers. 



REFRIGERATION OR COLD STORAGE OF EGGS 



The invention of the method and the growth of the busi- 

 ness of preserving eggs by refrigeration has been one of 

 the notable industrial developments of the United States 

 in recent years. Whatever may be the merits of the cold 



