398 POULTRY BREEDING AND MANAGEMENT 



from one year to another. By cultivating the ground and 

 disinfecting it with lime, the infection may be destroyed. 

 Where the disease is known to exist it is the safe plan not 

 to use the same ground for a year or two. 



The chief symptoms are a gaping with open beak and 

 stretching of the neck forward. The worm may be removed 

 by twisting a horse hair in the windpipe and withdrawing 

 it, or a feather stripped to near the tip, dipped in oil or 

 turpentine may be used in the same way. The value of the 

 young chicks, however, will not usually warrant individual 

 treatment. Reliance must be placed upon keeping the 

 chickens away from contaminated ground. 



Intestinal Worms. There are numerous worms that 

 infest the digestive organs of the fowl. The round worms 

 are found in the gullet or esophagus. Another species is 

 found in the walls of the gizzard. The tape worms and 

 various other species are found in the intestines. For in- 

 dividual treatment, oil of turpentine is recommended, one 

 teaspoonful per fowl, preferably given in the morning fol- 

 lowed with olive oil or castor oil a few hours later. Heavy 

 feeding of onions or garlic will aid in controlling these 

 parasites. Another remedy is to use powdered pome- 

 granate root bark, one teaspoonful to 50 birds given in the 

 feed. 



There is not space in this book for an extended discussion 

 of poultry diseases. Those readers wishing more detailed 

 information of various diseases and their treatment, will 

 find several books on this special subject. Among them 

 may be mentioned: "Poultry Diseases and Their Treat- 

 ment, " by E. J. Wortley ; "Diseases of Poultry," by Dr. D. 

 E. Salmon; "Diseases of Poultry," by Pearl, Surface and 

 Curtis; "Poultry Diseases," by Dr. B. F. Kaupp; and 

 "Parasitic Diseases of Fowls," by Theobald. 



