D1ARRHCEA. GAPES. 97 



ones, not over them. Feed in small quantities on sopped 

 bread for a few days, giving no water for twenty-four hours. 

 There is no danger about the operation, and apparently not 

 much pain. 



Diarrhoea may in mild cases be checked ly a diet of rather 

 dry barley-meal, or a few meals of well-boiled rice sprinkled 

 with chalk ; it is well, however, to give also six drops of campho- 

 rated spirit thrice daily on a pill of soft food, giving no green 

 food beyond finely-cut grass. If this fails, give a bolus made 

 of five grains chalk, five grains rhubarb, three grains cayenne 

 pepper, and half a grain of opium, one in the morning, and 

 another in the evening ; or three to twelve drops (according to 

 size) of chlorodyne every four hours will almost always stop it. 



Diphtheria, or Diphtheric Roup. See Canker. 



Gapes is a fatal disease of chickens, due to the presence in 

 the windpipe of a number of small worms, which finally kill 

 by either wasting or actual suffocation. A solitary case may 

 sometimes be cured by camphor in the water and a small 

 pellet twice a day, removing the actual worms by introducing 

 a feather stripped nearly to the top, or a loop of horsehair, into 

 the trachea, and turning it round during withdrawal, which 

 usually brings one or more worms with it j or fumigation over 

 the fumes of carbolic acid poured on a hot brick, till the chicken 

 is nearly dead, will also kill the worms. A general attack, how- 

 ever, demands other treatment, and fortunately it has been 

 discovered that in some mysterious way the disease is con- 

 nected with a large insect often found on the heads of newly- 

 hatched chickens. These are destroyed by anointing the heads 

 of the chickens while only a day or two old with the following 

 ointment : Mercurial ointment 1 oz., lard 1 oz., powdered 

 sulphur \ oz., crude petroleum \ oz. The ointment is to be 

 warmed to semi-fluidity, and in that state gently rubbed in. 

 If the chicks even of a yard previously infested are thus 

 treated, it has been proved over and over again that there will 



