68 THE ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 



however, are cei-tain ; that they aid the voice and add to 

 the characteristic beauty of the countenance. Of the latter 

 fact every body can judge, and with regard to the first it 

 may be proper to state that the foal in whom these spaces 

 are absent squeaks when he attempts to neigh. 



The face consists of nine pairs of, and two single bones ; 

 the pairs being the inter-maxillary 1, superior maxillary 2, 

 nasal 3, lacrymal 4, malar 5, palatine 6, pterygoid 7, infe- 

 rior turbinated 8, superior turbinated 9 pairs, or 18 bones; 

 the single bones being the vomer 1 , and the inferior maxillary 

 2, making 20 bones in all. 



1 . These bones will demand but brief notice. The inter- 

 maxillary contains the superior incisor teeth, and is pierced 

 by a hole, through which runs the terminations of the 

 palatine artery ; this hole is called the foramen incisivum. 



2. The SUPERIOR maxillary bone is the largest bone of 

 the face ; it forms the largest portion of the palate, has a 

 division of its plates posteriorly, by which division the 

 maxillary sinuses are formed, holds the molar teeth of the 

 upper jaw, and is externally marked with a prominence 

 called the zygomatic spine {Plate I. e), from which the 

 external masseter muscle has its origin. 



3. The NASAL BONES compose the most forward and 

 uppermost portion of the nostrils ; they both come to a 

 sharp peak in front {Skel. d), and behind their plates divide, 

 forming sinuses which are continuous with those of the 

 frontal bone. 



4. The MALARS form a portion of the rim of the orbits, 

 and give rise to the levator labii superioris muscles. 



5. The LACRYxMALS also enter into the rim of the orbits, 

 and have a small spine upon their facial surface for the tendon 

 of the orbicularis muscle to originate from. Upon its 

 orbital surface there is a slight depression near to the outer 

 side, for the origin of the inferior oblique muscle, and a 

 hole for the commencement of the lacrymal duct. 



6. The PALATINES form the most posterior border or ter- 

 minating arch of the palate, and their wings enter into the 

 composition of the orbit. 



7. 8. The SUPERIOR and inferior turbinated {Plate 

 VII. a and h), are situated within the nasal cavity, in the 

 situations which their names imply. 



