OF THE MUSCLES. 93 



been dissected; 9, the orbicularis occuli ; 10, the tempo- 

 ralis; 11, II, the orbicularis oris; 12, 12, 12, the levator 

 humeri, showing the manner it is associated with and acts 

 upon i, the fascia covering the fore leg; 13, the splenius, 

 covered by fascia ; 14, the parotid gland and the abductor 

 conchse ; a, the trapezius ; b, the latissimus dorsi ; c, the 

 postea spinatus ; d, the antea spinatus ; e, the teres ex- 

 ternus ; /, the scapula ulnarius ; g, the caput magnum of 

 the triceps extensor brachii ; h, the caput medium of the 

 triceps extensor brachii ; j, the pectoralis magnus ; k, k, k, 

 k, k, the serratus magnus ; /, /, the obliquius externus abdo- 

 minis and its yellow elastic fascia ; m, the gluteus maximus ; 

 n, the gluteus externus, deprived of its fascia, which braces 

 the gluteus maximus ; o, o, o, the three heads of the triceps 

 abductor tibialis ; p, the biceps retractor tibialis ; q, the 

 tensor vagina ; r, the fascia of the hind leg ; showing how 

 it is acted upon by the muscles of the haunch. 



OF THE MUSCLES. 



Muscle is that part in an animal we term flesh, in dis- 

 tinction from skin, cartilage, bone, membrane or fat, &c. ; 

 and the phenomena it exhibits are so universal, that it pro- 

 bably exists in every living creature ; though we are not able 

 to detect it in some animals. Muscles appear composed 

 generally of reddish bundles of fibres laid alongside of each 

 other ; divisible into lesser fibres of the same figure. When 

 a mass of these bundles is connected together into a deter- 

 minate form, it is then called a muscle : and as the motions 

 of an animal are very various ; and the circumstances under 

 which they are brought about equally so ; the peculiar shape 

 these motive masses take on is very different. Muscular 

 fibre not only exists in determinate masses, but it appears 

 to be spread over almost the whole of the body ; and it has 

 been very judiciously remarked that our ideas of it are pro- 

 bably much too limited. 



We have said muscles are red ; so the external and part of 

 the internal, forming the vast majority of the body, decidedly 

 are of this colour ; but there exists within the abdomen 

 another kind of muscle, which is not only without colour, 

 but wholly removed from the influence of the will. These 

 muscles are found forming the middle coat of the sto- 



