200 ANATOMY OF THE HEAD. 



ticular. Thus behind the velum palati, prior to the com- 

 mencement of the pharynx, there is a space which is usually 

 the seat of" sore throat. From this place it can easily affect 

 the mouth ; whence dry mouth is one of the symptoms. It 

 likewise can readily affect the lining membrane of the nos- 

 trils ; hence copious nasal defluxions are always witnessed. 

 It is situated immediately above the larynx ; wherefore 

 cough is generally heard when sore throat is present ; and it 

 directly communicates with tlie pharynx, and thus a diffi- 

 culty in swallowing is experienced. Further, heaviness and 

 pain in the head are accompanying symptoms during sore 

 throat ; and as the fauces lead to the Eustachian tubes and 

 guttural pouches, the affection of either one or the other is 

 sufficient to account for this indication. 



There are eight distinct parts open from or into the 

 fauces. The guttural pouches {Plate VII. k) are two. The 

 Eustachian tubes are two also, and two with two make four. 

 Then there are the pharynx {Plate VI. h), the larynx 

 {Plate VI. j), the mouth {Plate VII. I), and the nasal cham- 

 bers {Plate VII. n), both of which have but one common 

 opening, making altogether eight. The reader, however, 

 may be inclined to say. You told us there were two 

 nasal chambers ; how comes it, therefore, there are not two 

 openings into the fauces ? Because the septum nasi, or 

 cartilaginous division (see Plate VI. a), does not extend so 

 far posteriorly as to reach the fauces, whence the two cham- 

 bers enter the fauces by a single opening. 



The larynx {Plate VI. j), w^hich is the commencement of 

 the windpipe, opens within the fauces, and forms a kind of 

 cartilaginous box ; which is composed principally of five 

 pieces, so connected wdth the branches of the os hyoides as 

 to have very small lateral motion ; but an extensive one 

 above and downw^ards. The os hyoides was purposely 

 omitted in the Osteology, that its relative situation might 

 unite with its description. It consists of five bony portions 

 articulated together. The body very much resembles a 

 common spur ; the short prong being inserted into the root 

 of the tongue ; and the semicircular portion or body of the 

 bone embracing the larynx. From the posterior ends of its 

 body spring two other short pieces of bone running upward ; 

 and joined to these but also proceeding upward are two 



