PLEURISY. 313 



broken wind, or even to degenerate into glanders. It is 

 apt to involve other structures in its progress, as the 

 pleurae, when the symptoms will be somewhat confused, 

 being between pleurisy and pneumonia. In such a case, 

 the terminations may be either those of inflammation of 

 the lungs, or of the pleura. 



It is a bad sign when the flanks heave, and the horse's 

 head is put out of the window ; and a much worse one, when 

 the head is withdrawn and the eye becomes amaurotic ; 

 when the animal keeps walking round and round his box ; 

 and breaking into partial sweats, sometimes raises its head 

 and neighs, proving he is delirious, and in imagination an- 

 swering the call of his species. In this last case be certain 

 death is not far off". 



PLEURISY. 



Pleuritis, as a distinct disease, will not occupy very 

 much of our attention, as the treatise on pneumonia em- 

 bodies most that is practically necessary to note in it. 

 Speaking of the causes of pleuritis, one is external violence, 

 particularly of punctured wounds, which injure the costal 

 pleurte without disturbing the integrity of the lungs ; as is 

 not unfrequent when the injury is inflicted by a blunt in- 

 strument entering in a slanting direction, as a goad or a 

 cow's horn. In such a case, the aflection may continue 

 confined to one side only, but in most others it extends to 

 both sides, though not always in an equal degree. It may 

 be occasioned also by any of the causes which produce 

 pneumonia : exposure to wind, rain, or snow, we believe to 

 be one of the most common among these ; and it occurs 

 far oftener from this last cause, than from those which 

 have been dwelt upon at greater length. 



The symptoms, like those of pneumonia, make a rapid 

 attack, or they do not arrive at their intensity for three, 

 four, or five days. The respiration is generally sharper 

 and quicker, but not more full. The breath makes a saw- 

 ing noise. The exhalation is sudden, the ribs being allowed 

 to fly back with a sort of jerk. Cough is here more in- 

 variably present than in simple pneumonia, which, a priori, 

 might not be expected ; but it is short, suppressed, and 

 painful : sometimes the horse stamps, as in the cough of 



