354 GLANDERS. 



acrid substances into the veins. But glanders once induced 

 by any cause that undermines the constitution, can then by 

 inoculation generate nothing but glanders or farcy, and this 

 is all and every thing the opposed party contend about. 



The forms of glanders have been called acute and chronic. 

 A very ingenious veterinarian, Mr. James Turner, has pro- 

 posed a third kind, which he calls the insidious. This last 

 kind ensues upon the clearing off of catarrh, influenza, &c. ; 

 a protracted gleet remains from one or both nostrils, 

 watery, mingled with small particles of mucus, invariably in 

 very small quantities, but the discharge of which is constant ; 

 and instead of an enlarged submaxillary gland, the size of a 

 walnut, which leads to suspicion, in these cases it is dimi- 

 nished to the size of a pea or horse-bean, but is indurated, 

 and is frequently loose, not being adherent to the jaw-bone. 

 Another deceptive circumstance is the general state of the 

 animal, which is that of good health, in coat, flesh, and 

 spirits. In this state no one suspects glanders, and yet at 

 any time inoculation with the effusion will produce glanders 

 in another horse. Mr. Turner deserves the thanks of the 

 profession at large for putting them on their guard against 

 this treacherous disease, whose Protean shapes require all 

 our vigilance ; but, as he candidly observes, it is not a new 

 species of glanders, but the true chronic form in one of its 

 most occult shapes, of which we have too many instances. 

 The disease is, however, marked with different degrees of 

 malignancy ; in some cases running its fatal course in a 

 week, and in others continuing for years with little altera- 

 tion, and perhaps spontaneously disappearing at last ; and 

 under this view there is room for a systematic division into 

 acute and chronic : that which Mr. Turner calls the in- 

 sidious, is, as he justly states, but a slight modification of 

 the latter. Acute glanders are seldom clearly marked ; but 

 when they are the effect of some extraordinary circum- 

 stances, acting on a number of horses at the same time, as in 

 a state of unusual deprivation of pure air, their consequences 

 are appalling. Asses and mules afford the most complete 

 instances of acute glanders ; they seldom have any other 

 kind. 



The causes of glanders and farcy have occasioned as 

 much diversity of opinion as the nature of the complaints. 



