GLANDERS. 357 



seldom found in this condition ; for after the disease has at- 

 tained any virulence, a distinct lymphatic glandular knob or 

 two will generally be found in contact with the branch of the 

 jaw-bone upon the affected side. The disease sometimes re- 

 mains long without producing ulceration in chronic glan- 

 ders, and cases of this kind prove very puzzling to the 

 practitioner : at other times, on the contrary, an ulcerating 

 process is speedily exhibited ; which in acute glanders inva- 

 riably appears. The ulcers of glanders have a very pecu- 

 liar character, and their appearance cannot be too atten- 

 tively studied : they usually commence by minute bladders, 

 which at first may contain pus or a clear fluid, but which 

 soon form small cavities, internally deep with abrupt promi- 

 nent edges ; and they are seen in greatest numbers upon 

 the septum nasi, and sometimes uniting into broad con- 

 tinuous patches, which spread and deepen until the carti- 

 lages are absorbed, and the purulent secretion fills the 

 frontal sinuses and the ethmoidal cells. Sometimes the 

 ulceration exists so high up the nostril, that it is very 

 difficult to discover ; yet, with the head held up to a full 

 light, more particularly towards the sun when shining, it 

 may be detected if within any moderate distance ; and when 

 it cannot, the varied appearance of the discharge will lead 

 to a suspicion of its existence. The junior practitioner 

 must not allow portions of the secreted matter which may 

 adhere to the membrane to mislead him into a belief of exist- 

 ing ulceration ; he should, when in doubt, pass up a probe 

 armed with tow, and wipe away such glutinous deposit ; and 

 had not the error actually occurred in the practice of more 

 than one veterinarian, we should be almost ashamed to insert 

 a caution, that the opening of the nasal duct ought not to be 

 mistaken for a chancre. The situation of this opening is 

 found a little way up the nostril upon the reflected skin, 

 and not upon the mucous secreting surface. At an uncer- 

 tain period of this form of the disease, occurring sometimes 

 much sooner than at others, the lungs become tubercular, 

 and hectic symptoms follow the bursting of abscesses within 

 them : large abscesses commonly form within the lungs ; 

 and now the health is evidently impairing fast : there is 

 cough, increased and most offensive discharge by the nose, 

 loss of appetite, emaciation, and weakness in the loins ; the 



