PARASITIC ANIMALS IN CATTLE. 395 



fasting stomach. Upon the seventh morning, administer to 

 the animal a strong dose of aloes, which drives out the 

 parasites that the previous medicine has enfeebled. 



Of other worms and parasitic animals which are found in 

 the horse, the Filaria may be noticed, from the peculiarity 

 of its being in India occasionally found within the globe of 

 the eye. It has also been discovered inside the cellular 

 tissues, and within the cerebral, abdominal, and thoracic 

 cavities. A variety of the Strongylus has been found in 

 the coeliac artery, and FasciolcB have also been met with in 

 the iliacs. Hydatids likewise, though not very common, 

 are also occasionally observed in the horse, presenting all 

 the characters of the acephalocystes ; and to their presence 

 within the spinal canal we are to attribute some of the para- 

 lytic affections of the animal. 



PARASITIC ANIMALS IN CATTLE. 



Of these we shall give a very condensed account. The 

 oestris bovis, one of the gad-fly species, to produce what are 

 called wornulls or wormuls, punctures the skin of cows 

 and calves, and occasionally the hides of horses ; it deposits 

 its eggs beneath the integument, between that and the cel- 

 lular membrane ; the hatching of the eggs matures ; the 

 abscess formed by the grub is called puckeridge ; this is 

 ignorantly attributed to a wound inflicted by the goat- 

 sucker, or night hawk. When arrived at their full size, 

 the larvae make their way out at the external opening, and 

 fall on the ground. From the mischief which they do to 

 the hides, their destruction should be attempted ; this 

 may be effected by introducing a penknife to enlarge the 

 openings, and by pressing the insect out. The oestrus ovis 

 lays its eggs on the margin of the nose of sheep, which be- 

 coming larvae, creep into the frontal and maxillary sinuses, 

 occasioning great irritation. The continental shepherds 

 trepan their sheep, and remove them ; but our shepherds 

 have not been successful with this method. Sheep are 

 also obnoxious to a worm called the pallisade, which locates 

 itself within the trachea and bronchii. The fasciola 

 hepatica, or fluke- worm, is also a parasitic insect, whose 

 ravages are supposed to be most injurious, but they are to 

 be discovered in most healthy sheep. Horses, asses, and 



