422 INTESTINAL CALCULI. 



as to affect the powers of life ; it does so by producing 

 the symptoms of debihtating disease. Two indications, 

 therefore, present themselves, — to remove the air by small 

 punctm'es, and to support the constitution by stimulants 

 and tonics. If a re-accumulation takes place, force it out 

 by moderate pressure with gentle frictions ; and endeavour 

 then to keep it out by bandages to every part where they 

 can be applied : if possible, cut off the communication also 

 with the inlet by establishing adhesive inflammation in the 

 part. 



CHAPTER IX. 



CALCULUS, OR STONY CONCRETIONS. 



Stony concretions have long been noted in some parts of 

 the body of the horse ; and a more intimate acquaintance 

 with gequine anatomy and that of other domestic animals 

 will probably show us that they are almost as universally 

 formed within the various organs of their bodies as in man. 

 Cerebral calculi are occasionally detected as well in the horse 

 as most other domestic animals. Salivary calculi are more 

 common, and are now and then met with in the ducts, but 

 principally of the parotid, where they occasion tumefaction, 

 and whence these bodies should be dexterously extracted : 

 avoiding as much as possible wounding the larger salivary 

 duct, and uniting the parts as quickly as possible afterwards 

 by establishing a healthy inflammation. Biliary calculi, 

 fi'om structural peculiarity in the hepatic system of the 

 horse and his congeners, are not frequent ; but in horned 

 cattle they are more often found. Gastric calculi, are now 

 and then met with in the horse, but much more frequently 

 in the ruminants. 



INTESTINAL CALCULI, OR STONES IN THE INTESTINES. 



Stones in the intestines are sufficiently common in the 

 horse, being of enormous size ; while they often occasion 

 dangerous colics, by accidentally altering their situations. 

 Whenever, therefore, colics occur frequently without any 

 apparent cause, they may be often proved after death to be 

 referrible to irritation from these displacements. 



