VETERINARY MATERIA MEDIC A. 633 



greater separation of urine from the blood; as resin, 

 turpentine, oxymuriate of mercury, soda, nitre, &c. 

 Drinks, or Drenches, are the liquid remedies given to 

 brutes. It is not so safe to give them by means of a 

 bottle as by a horn ; for instances have occurred of the 

 neck of the bottle breaking. Mr. Bracy Clark recom- 

 mends to reverse the drinking horn, closing up the large 

 end, forming a moderate opening at the smaller end, and 

 to introduce that into the mouth. In tetanus such a 

 horn would be useful, and at all times it prevents the 

 waste of the liquid ; but in tetanus a patent syringe is a 

 better means, and the tube can be introduced into the 

 pharynx through the nostril. The usual method of giving 

 a drink is, we presume, famihar to most persons, but can- 

 not be practised without assistance. Insert the noose of a 

 halter into the mouth, and by means of a stable-fork let 

 the assistant raise the head high. The operator must 

 now mount a stool or a reversed pail, &c. &c., on the 

 off side of the horse, there steadying himself with his 

 left hand ; with the right he should introduce the horn 

 gently into the mouth, and completely over the root of 

 the tongue, when, by overturning the horn, the whole of 

 the drink will escape into the back part of the mouth -. 

 withdraw the horn often or seldom until the fluid 

 shall be swallowed. It will be prudent, however, to still 

 keep up the head some time longer, as many horses 

 obstinately retain much of it in the mouth ; and while so 

 held it is common to give the muzzle an unexpected tap, 

 which takes off the attention from the resistance, and 

 the remainder is then swallowed. Much of the success 

 of giving a drink depends on not filling the horn too full ; 

 at once introducing it thoroughly into the mouth, turning 

 the drink quickly out of it, and as quickly lowering the 

 head and withdrawing the horn. A tin bottle with a 

 strong neck is a good substitute for the common horn. 



Electricity is seldom used in veterinary practice with us. 

 On the Continent, powerful machines are found at the 

 Veterinary Colleges of Alfort and Berlin for the treatment 

 of cataract, gutta serena, paralysis, &c. 



Embrocations are external remedies applied by rubbing 

 them on the part with the hand, a sponge, flannel, or 



