12 



two or four-celled, opening by valves; ovary superior, one-celled, 

 with one or two pendulous ovules ; fruit a berry or drupe ; 

 embryo with large cotyledons, exalbuniinous ; containing — Cin- 

 namomum Zeylanicumj Camphora Officinarum, Sassafras Officinale, 

 and Nedandra Uodicei. 



Aristolochiace^. — Herbs, or climbing shrubs ; wood arran- 

 ged in separable wedges ; flowers brown or greenish ; perianth 

 tubular, valvate; stamens six to twelve, epigynous, distinct, or 

 adhering to the style and stigmas; ovary three to six-celled; 

 ovules numerous ; stigmas radiating ; fruit a capsule or berry ; 

 seeds albuminous ; embryo minute ; containing — Aristolochia 

 Serpentaria. 



EuPHORBiACE.^. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with acrid milky 

 juice, very varied in foliage and inflorescence ; leaves alternate, 

 usually stipulate ; flowers unisexual, with or without a perianth ; 

 stamens variable, distinct, or in bundles ; ovary usually of three 

 united carpels, each with one or two pendulous ovules, separating 

 and dehiscing when ripe ; seed with large embryo, in fleshy 

 albumen; containing — Croton JSliiteria, Croton T-iglium, Ricinus 

 Communis, and Eottlera Tinctoria. 



PiPEEACEiE. — Shrubs or herbs, stems jointed ; woody tissue, 

 arranged in wedges ; leaves usually opposite or verticillate ; 

 flowers hermaphrodite, in spikes, each on a bract ; no perianth ; 

 stamens two or more ; ovary free, one-celled ; fruit somewhat 

 fleshy, indehiscent, one-seeded ; embryo in a vitellus, outside the 

 albumen, and at the apex of the seed ; containing — Piper Nigrum, 

 Cuhela Officinalis, and Artanthe Elongata. 



Urticace^. — Herbs, trees, and shrubs ; leaves alternate, scab- 

 rous, stipulate ; flowers unisexual or hermai)hrodite, scattered, in 

 catkins or heads ; perianth usually divided, with the stamens 

 inserted into it ; filaments sometimes curved ; ovary free, one or 

 two-celled, each with one ovule. Its sub-orders are — Urticece-, 

 Cannahinecp, Ulmacecp, Morecr., and ArtocarpacecE. 



Ubtice.e. — (Not uflicinal.) 



