128 



CELLS AMD TISSUES 



inuc-h thicker and more protective than an epidermis. {Fig. US.) 

 The cork covering ma\' be more or less flexible, as the rind of an 

 Irish Potato or Sweet Potato, or 

 harder and more brittle, as in the 

 bark of trees, where it reaches its 

 extreme thickness. Cork tissue con- 

 sists of dead cells in the walls of 

 which there is deposited a waxy 

 substance much like cutin but called 

 suherin to which much of the pi'o- 

 tective character of cork is due. 

 Cork coverings afford more protec- 

 tion than an epidermis, but on ac- 

 count of their opaqueness, they are 

 not suitable except where it is not 



necessary for light to penetrate to 

 Fig. 113. — a small portion ^, • ,• 



Irish ^"^ inner tissues. 



of a section through an 

 Potato, r, rind composed of a 



The protection afforded by an 

 umber of layers of cork cells, epidermis and cork is often brought 

 s, tissue filled with food. Highly to our notice in case of fruits, tubers, 

 magnified. ^^^^ fleshy roots. Thus Apples, 



Oranges, and most fruits which may be kept a long time, if 

 uninjured, soon decay when their rinds 

 are broken. The efficiency of a corky 

 rind to protect against the loss of water 

 is shown by the experiment in which a 

 peeled Irish Potato lost sixty times as 

 much water in 48 hours as an unpeeled 

 one of equal weight. 



Furthermore, cork tissue has an ad- 

 ditional function in the healing of 

 wounds where, by the development of 

 a callus-like mass of cork, the open- ^^^ ii4. -Some coUen- 

 ing of the wound is closed and the chyma cells from the stem 

 break in the protective covering of of a Dock (Rumex) showing 

 the plant thereby repaired. It is im- the cells thickened mainly 

 portant to recognize this fact in prun- at the angles. After Cham- 



, , 11 ii berlam. 



mg where the promptness as well as the 



thoroughness of the healing depends much upon how the wound 

 is made. 



