ACCESSORY FRUITS 



155 



269. Pepo of squash. 



is the strawberry (Fig. 264). The edible part is a greatly 

 enlarged torus, and the pericarps are akenes imbedded 

 ill it. These akenes are commonly called seeds. 



298. Various kinds of reinforced fruits have received 

 special names. One of these is 

 the hip, characteristic of roses, 

 Fig. 2C5. In this case, the torus 

 is deep and hollow, like an urn, 

 and the separate akenes are borne 

 inside it. The mouth of the re- 

 ceptacle may close, and the walls 

 sometimes become flesh}^ : the 

 fruit may then be mistaken for 

 a berry. The fruit of the pear, 



apple, and quince is known as a pome. In this case the 

 five united carpels are completely buried in the hollow 

 torus, and the torus makes most of the edible part of the 

 ripe fruit, while the pistils are represented by the core 

 (Fig. 266). Fig. 267 shows the apple in bloom; Fig. 268 

 shows young fruits, only one having formed in each clus- 

 ter. In the lower lefthand flower of Fig. 267, note that the 

 sepals do not fall. Observe the sepals on the top of the 

 torus (apex of the fruit) in Fig. 268. In the plum flower 

 (Fig. 194), note that the pistil sits free in the hollow 

 torus: imagine the pistil and torus grown together, and 

 something like a pome might result. The fruit of 

 pumpkin, squash (Fig. 269), melon and cucumber 

 is a pepo. The outer wall is torus, but the sepals 

 do not persist, and the fruit is normally 3-loculed 

 (although the partitions may disappear as the fruit 



. . 270. Winged 



ripens). seed of 



299. GYMNOSPERMOUS FRUITS. — In pines, sp^cl^^ 

 spruces, and their kin, there is no fruit in the sense in 

 which the word is used in the preceding pages, because 

 •there is no ovary. The ovules are naked or uncovered, in 



