CHAPTER XXV 



STUDIES IN CRYPTOGAMS 



The special advanced pupil who has acrinired skill in 

 the use of the compound microscope, may desire to make 

 more extended excursions into the cryptogaraous orders. 

 The following plants, selected as examples in various 

 groups, will serve as a beginning. 



ALG^ 



The algae comprise most of the green floating "st-um" which 

 3overs the surface of ponds and other quiet waters. The masses of 

 plants are often called "frog spittle," Others are attached to stones, 

 pieces of wood, and other objects submerged in streams and lakes, 

 and many are found on moist ground and on dripping 

 rocks. Aside from these, all the plants commonly known 

 as seaweeds belong to this category. They ai-e iiiliab- 

 itants of salt water. 



The simplest forms of algas consist of a single 

 spherical cell, which multiplies by repeated division or 

 fission. Most of the forms found in fresh water are fila- 

 mentous, i. e., the plant-body consists of long threads, 

 either simple or branched. Such a plant-body is termed 

 a thallus. This term applies to the vegetative body of 

 all plants which are not differentiated into stem and 

 leaves. Such plants are known as tliullophytes (325). All 

 algae contain chlorophyll, and are able to assimilate car- 

 bon dioxid from the air. This distinguishes them from 

 813. Strand of the fungi. 



spirogyra, Sniroqiira. — One of the most common forms of the 



snowing ^ *''' 



the ehloro- green algae is spirogyra (Fig. 313). This plant usually 



There"*^ a forms the greater part of the floating green mass on 

 nueleusata. ponds. The filamentous character of the thallus can be 

 seen with the naked eye or with a hand-lens, but to study it care- 

 fully a microscope magnifying two hundred diameters or more should 



(178) 



