282 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



indicates both the emphatic syllable and the length of the 

 vowel. The grave accent (^) indicates a long vowel; the 

 acute (/ ) , a short vowel. Terminal vowels are pro- 

 nounced in Latin words. The word officinale is pronounced 

 officin-dy-ly; aiirea with cm as in Laura; Virginiana with 

 the a as in hay; alba, with a as in had; acutiloba with i 

 as in hill; minor with i as in mine; halimifblia with o as 

 in hole; Japonica with o as in coti; rumex with u as in 

 tune; fiinkia with u as in run. 



Key to the families as represented in the following pages 



A. CRYPTOGAMS: no true flowers or seeds: propagating by means 



of spores Filice.s, p. 290 



AA. PHENOCtAMS: bearing flowers and seeds. 



B. Gysinosperms: seeds naked (not enclosed in ovaries), borne 

 in cones or berries: no conspicuous flowers: Ivs. needle- 

 shaped or scale like: plants usually evergreen Coniferce, p. 292 



BB. Angiosperms: seeds borne in ovaries: flowers usually showy: 

 leaves very various, mostly deciduous. 

 c. Monocotyledons: cotyledon one: leaves mostly parallel- 

 veined, not falling with distinct articulation: stem 

 with scattered flbro -vascular bundles (endogenous) 

 and no separable bark: fls. mostly 3-merous. 

 D. Flowers without true perianth, except sometimes small 

 scales, or bracts, or bristles, but encloi^ed by green 

 alternate glumes, or chaffy bracts: arranged in 

 spikes or spikelets: grass-like plants. 

 E. Glumes in pairs, of 2 sorts (glumes andpalets) : culms 

 round, hollow: leaf-sheaths usually split on one 



side opposite blade 



Gramineoi, or Grass Family, not treated here. 



EE. Glume or scale single, with flower in axil: perianth 



none or replaced by bristles: culm triangular, 



solid, sheath entire or closed 



Cyperace(e, or Sedge Family, not treated here. 

 (For grass-like plants having flowers with 6 similar, green 

 or chaffy bracts [glumaceous segments], culms solid. 

 See Jnncacew, or Rush Family, not included here.) 

 DD. Flowers without glumes, borne on spadix, small, incon- 

 spicuous, usually attended by spathe Araeew, p. 294 



DDD. Flowers not on spadices, mostly conspicuous. 

 E. Perianth free from ovary. 



