CONIFEKJeJ 



293 



422.— Pinus sylvest 



rough dark liark : leaves short and stiff, usually in 3's: cone 2-3 in. long, 



conical, the scales with a short spine. Grows 



as far south as Va. ; common in pine barrens 



of the north Atlantic coast. An eastern 



species. 



P. 8ylv6stris. Linn. Scotch pine. Fig. 422. 

 Medium-sized tree, with glaucous green leaves 

 in2's: cone short, the scales tipped with a 

 prickle or point. Europe; very commonly 

 planted. 



P. Austriaca, Hoss. Austrian pine. Fig. 

 423. Large tree with very rough bark, and 

 long, dark green stiff leaves (about 6 in. long) 

 in 2's: cone about 3 in. long, the scales 

 not prickly. Europe, commonly planted; a 



coarser tree than the Scotch pine. 



2. PlCEA. Spruce. 



Trees of medium or large size, with short, scat- 

 tered leaves : cones maturing the first year, hanging at 

 maturity, their scales thin. 



P. exc61sa, Link. Norway spruce. Figs. 270, 27L 

 Becoming a tall tree : cones 5-7 in. long, the large 

 scales very thin-edged. Eur., but the commonest of 

 planted evergreens. Until 25 to 40 years old, the trees 

 are symmetrical cone-shaped specimens, holding their 

 lower branches. 



P. nigra, Link. Black spruce. Fig. 424. Becom- 

 ing a middle-sized tree, with dull, dark foliage : cones 1% in. or less long, 

 usually hanging for several years, the edges of the scales often irregular. 

 Cold woods, as far south as North 

 Carolina in the mountains. .MfMMMk:^^^^?^^^-^- 



3. TStGA. Hemlock Spkuce. 



Differs from Picea in having 

 flat 2-ranked petioled leaves: cones 

 hanging on the end of last year's 

 branches. 



T. Canad6n8is, Carr. Hemlock. 

 Fig. 425. Large forest tree, with 

 deep -furrowed, dark bark and 

 coarse wood: leaves whitish be- 

 neath: cones not an inch long, 

 compact. Coiiinion lumber tree, 

 Bark much used in tanning. 



423. Pinus Austriaca. 



424. Picea nigra. 



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423. Tsuga CauaJeusis, 



