URTIOACE^ 



315 



V. racemdsa, Thomas. Cork elm. Fig. 450. Smaller tree than the last, 

 with corky-winged branches : leaves with straighter veins: samara with 

 sharp incurved points at the apex: flowers in i-acemes. Less common. 



XT. ald,ta, Michx. Wahoo elm. Small tree, with wide, corky ridges on 

 the branches: leaves small and rather thick, almost sessile, ovate to nearly 

 lanceolate and acute: samara downy, at least when young. Virginia, south 

 and west. 



2. CflLTIS. Nettle-Tree. Hackbeery. 



Elm-like in looks, but the fruit a 1-seeded, berry-like drupe: flowers 

 greenish, in the leaf axils, mostly diclinous; calyx 5-6-parted; stamens 5 or 

 6: stigmas 2, very long. 



C. occident^lis, Linn. Common hackberry . Middle-sized tree with 

 rough- furrowed bark: leaves ovate-pointed, oblique at base, serrate: fruit 

 purplish, as large as a pea, edible in the fall when ripe. Low grounds. 



3. TOXYLON. Osage Orange. 



Small tree, with dioecious flowers in catkins, and alternate, simple 

 leaves: sterile flowers in raceme-like, deciduous catkins : fertile flowers 

 densely crowded in a head, with 4 sepals and 2 stigmas, the ovary ripening 

 into an akene, the whole flower-cluster becom- 

 ing fleshy and ripening into an orange-like 

 mass. 



T. pomifenim, Raf. (Madura aurantiaca, 

 Nutt.). Osage orange. Fig. 451. Spiny, low 

 tree, much used for hedges, but not hardy in 

 the northernmost states: leaves narrow-ovate and entire, glossy: flowers 

 in spring after the leaves appear, the fruit ripening in autumn. Mo. 

 and Kan., south. 



4. MORUS. Mulberry. 



Small to middle-sized trees, with broad, alternate toothed or lobed 

 leaves and monoecious flowers, with 4-parted calyx: stamens 4, with fila- 

 ments at first bent inward, the staminate catkins soon falling: fertile flow- 

 ers ripening a single akene, but the entire catkin become 

 fleshy and blackberry-like, and prized for eating. 

 Leaves very variable, often lobed and not lobed on the 

 same branch. 



M. rtibra, Linn. Common wild mulberry. Often 

 a large tree in the south : leaves ovate-acuminate, 

 oblique at the base, rough and dull on the upper surface 

 and softer beneath, dentate: fruit % in. to 1 in. long, 

 black-red, sweet. Wood yellow. Most abundant south, 

 hut growing as far north as Mass. 



M. Alba, Linn. WTiite mulberry. Fig. 452. Leaves 

 light green and usually glossy above, the veins prominent and whitish beneath, 

 the teeth usually rounded or obtuse: fruit of variable size, often 1% in. long, 

 whitish, violet, or purple. China; planted for ornament and for its fruit, also 

 <or feeding silkworms. The much-planted Russian Mulberry is a form of it. 



451. Toxylou pomifer 



452. Moms alba. 



