338 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



small white, the lower and side petals purplish-veined: petals beardless: 

 cleistoganious flowers on erect pedicels, frequently from stolons. Wet 

 places. 



V. bl4nda, Willd. Sweet wild violet. Stoloniferous from slender root- 

 stock: flowers fragrant: petals beardless or nearly so, white veined with 

 purple: leaves cordate or rounde<I: few cleistogamous flowers on curved 

 stalks. Wet places. Plant small. 



4. Flowers yellow. 



V. rotundifdiia, Michx. Stoloniferous: leaves rounded to cordate, rpar- 

 gin somewhat crenate, finally growing large, glossy and lying flat on the 

 ground: flowers small: lateral petals bearded, and with brown lines: sepals 

 hluiVo-pointed. Cool M'oodlauds. 



b. Stems evident, leafy: flowers showy on axillary stalks. 

 1. Flowers blue or violet 



V. rostrata, Pursh. Plant 3-8 in.: leaves rounded heart-shaped, serrate, 

 the upper acuminate: stipules fringe-toothed, lanceolate: flowers pale violet, 

 darker-veined: petals beardless: spur slender, longer than corolla. Moist 

 woodland and shaded hillsides. 



v. canina, Linn. Stems weak, 0-8 in., glabrous: leaves heart-shaped 

 or kidney-form, margin crenate: stipules lanceolate, somewhat fringe- 

 toothed: spur slender, % as long as corolla. Swamps and wet places. Pale 

 purple. American forms differ from the European. 



2. Flowers white, tinged with pink or violet. 



V. Canadensis, Linn. Upright, G in. to 2 ft.: stems leafy, stipules 

 broad-lanceolate, entire: leaves large, heart-shaped, serrate: petals white 

 inside, pinkish or violet beneatli : lateral petals bearded. Common. Rich 

 woods. All summer. 



3. Flowers yellow. 



V. pub6scens. Ait. Downy yellow violet. Pubescent: stems erect 5-20 

 in., leafy: leaves broadly heart-shaped, toothed: stipules large, entire: root 

 leaves soon wither up: lower petals veined, more or less obscurely, with 

 purple: spur short: stigma beakless: pod downy. Dry woods. 



c. Anmial, biennial, or short-lived perennial: various colors. 

 V. tricolor, Linn. Garden pansy. Stems angula ■, branching, leafy: 

 leaves roundish to cordate: stipules leaf like, incised: flowers widely varied 

 in colors. Europe, Var. arvensis, in fields, is slender, and petals scarcely 

 exceeding sepals. 



XXn. HYPERICACE^. St. John's-wort Family. 



Herbs or shrubs (in our species), with leaves chiefly sessile, sim- 

 ple, opposite, some with translucent or black dots: flowers regular, 

 usually in terminal cymes, and yellow: sepals and petals 4 or 5: 



