366 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



if any longer than ovary, limb 4-cleft: petals 4: stamens 8: stigma 4-lobed: 

 fruit linear, 4-sided, dehiscent by 4 loculicidal valves, many-seeded: seeds 

 ■with tuft of lent?, silky hair attached to tip. 



E. angustifdlium, Linn. Purple fireiveed. Stem simple, erect, 4-7 ft.: 

 lower leaves alternate, lanceolate, nearly entire: racemes long, terminal, 

 showy: flowers large, about 1 in. across, reddish purple. Common in woods. 

 4. CIRCSA. Enchanter's Nightshade. 



Low, delicate, and insignificant perennial herbs, with creeping root- 

 stocks: leaves opposite, very thin, petioled: flowers very small, in terminal 

 and lateral racemes: calyx-tube slightly prolonged beyond ovary: parts of 

 the flower in twos. Damp, shady places. Summer. 



C. Luteti^na, Linn. Stem erect, 1-2 ft. tall, pubescent: leaves ovate, 

 slightly repand-toothed: flowers white or pink, about ]/g inch in diameter, on 

 slender pedicels, bractless: fruit small, round, 2-celled, bristly. The com- 

 mon species in damp, shady places in summer. 



XXXn. UMBELLIFER.^. Parsley Family. 



Herbs, mostly strong-scented and with compound alternate 

 leaves with petioles expanded or sheathing at the base: flowers 

 small, mostly perfect, 5-merous, epigynous, in umbels or umbel-like 

 clusters: stamens 5: fruit consisting of two carpels, which are dry 

 and seed-like and indehiscent. Oil-tubes, in the form of stripes, one 

 or several in the intervals of the ribs on the fruits, also sometimes 

 under the ribs and on both faces of the fruit, are characteristic features 

 of the Umbelliferte. A well-marked natural family of about 1,500 

 species in about 160 genera. Some of the species are poisonous. 

 Here belong parsley, parsnip, carrot, celery, caraway, sweet cicely. 

 Rather difficult for the beginner. 



A. Fruits bristly 1. Daucns 



AA. Fruits not bristly. 

 B. The fruits winged. 



c. Wing single, surrounding the margin: flowers 



yellow 2. Pastinaca 



CO. Wing double on margin : flowers while 3. Angelica 



BB. The fruits wingless. 



c. Fruit long and slender, tapering at base: no appar- 

 ent oil-tubes: flowers white 4. Osmorrhiza 



OC. Fruit ovate or orbicular. 



D. Plant low and delicate: blooms in earliest spring: 



stem with 1 or 2 leaves, if any 5. Erigenia 



DD. Plant tall, stems leafy. 



E. Axis not splitting in two when the carpels 



fall from it 6. Apium 



EE. Axis splitting in two when the carpels or 



" seeds " fall 7. Carum 



