CONVOLVULACE^ — BORRAGINACE^ 381 



3. CCSCUTA. Dodder. 



Parasitic twiners without foliage (leaves reduced to scales): flowers in 

 clusters, the cai.yx and corolla with 4-5 lobes: fruit 2-loculed, 4-seeded. (See 

 p. 89.) 



C. Grondvii, Willd. (Fig. 494), is the commonest species, twining its 

 slender coral-yellow stems over coarse herbs in swales: corolla bell-shaped, 

 the tube longer than the blunt and spreading lobes. 



XXXVIII. BORRAGINACE^. Borage Family. 



Generally rough herbs, with round stems, leaves usually alternate 

 and hairy, exstipulate: inflorescence commonly one-sided, in coiled 

 terminal racemes, straightening as flowers open: sepal 1-lobe 5: 

 lobes of corolla 5, usually regular: stamens 5, on corolla-tube: ovary 

 deeply 4-bbed, with style in center: stigmas 1 or 2: fruit usually 4 

 separate 1-seeded nutlets at bottom of persistent calyx. About 1,500 

 species and 80 genera. 



A. Ovary entire, style terminal : fruit dry nutlets 



(2 or 4) 1. HeJiotropium 



AA. Ovary deeply 4-parted, or 4-divided, the style rising 

 from the center. 

 B. Corolla and stamens regular. 



c. Fruits (nutlets) bur-like, priclily or spiny. 

 D. Nutlets oblique, fixed by apex, or laterally, 

 to style, covered all over by hooked 



prickles 2. Cynoglossum 



DD. Nutlets erect, fixed by base or side to the 

 central column: prickles in one or more 



rows on the surface 3. Ech inospernnim 



cc. Fruits (nutlets) not armed with prickles. 



D. Nutlets attached laterally to the receptacle: 



flowers rather large 4. Mertensia 



DD. Nutlets attached by bases to receptacle. 



E. Flowers not bracted, in racemes 5. Myosotis 



EE. Flowers bracted, in racemes G. Lithospermum 



BB. Corolla irregular: stamens unequal 7. Ecliium 



1. HELIOTROPIUM. Heliotrope. 



Perennial or annual herbs (or shrubs) with white or purplish, small 

 flowers in 1-sided spikes: flowers alternate, usually entire: stamens short, 

 antliers nearly sessile: style short, with conical stigma: ovary 4-celled: 

 fruit, 4 nutlets or two 2-celied nutlets. 



H. Peruvianum, Linn. Common garden heliotrope. Pubescent or rough, 

 often rather slirubby: leaves lance-ovate to oblong, short-petioled, veiny 

 and wrinkled: flowers very fragrant, white to lilac. 



