404 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



abruptly narrowed into a beak: pappus abundant, white or brownish and 

 soft. 



L. Canadensis, Linn. Common in rich soil, 3 to 9 ft. tall: leaves smooth, 

 lanceolate to spatulate, sessile or clasping, margins entire, sinuate, or 

 runcinately pinnatified, the radical leaves petiolate— all smooth and glaucous; 

 flowers pale yellow, in small heads (/4 to K in- long), the heads more or 

 less diffusely panicled. Biennial or annual. 



L. acuminata, Gray. Three to 8 ft. : leaves ovate to lanceolate, pointed 

 and serrate, teeth mucronate, sometimes hairy on under midrib, the petioles 

 winged, more or less sinuate or clasping and arrow-shaped: inflorescence a 

 panicle of numerous small heads: rays bluish: akenes short-beaked or 

 beakless: pappus brownish. Biennial or annual. 



L. Scariola, Linn. Prickly lettuce. Glabrous and rather glaucous-green, 

 with tall, stiff, erect stem, branching, usually somewhat prickly: leaves 

 oblong or spatulate, dentate or pinnatified, sessile, or auricled and clasping, 

 with margins and under midrib spiny: heads small, 6 to 12-flowered, but 

 numerous, the rays yellow: involucre narrow, cylindric: akenes flat, ovate- 

 oblong, with long filiform beak. Europe. A common coarse biennial weed. 



L, sativa, Linn. Garden lettuce. Cultivated for the tender root-leaves 

 as a salad: flowers yellow on tall small-leaved stems. 



5. S6NCHUS. Sow Thistle. Milk Thistle. 



Coarse, succulent weeds, smooth and glaucous or spiny, with leafy stem, 

 resembling wild lettuce, but akenes truncate, not beaked, and the flowers 

 always yellow: involucre bell-shape in several unequal series: rays truncate, 

 5-toothed. All from Europe. 



S. oleraceus, Linn. Annual, from fibrous roots, 1-5 ft., with pale yellow 

 flowers in heads %-l inch in diameter: leaves various, mostly on lower part 

 of stem, petiolate or clasping by an auricled base, the lobes acute: in shape 

 lanceolate to lyrate-pinnatified, margins spinulous. 



S. arv6nsi8, Linn. Perennial with creeping rootstoeks: flowers bright 

 yellow in showy heads: leaves various, but spiny on nuirgins, and generally 

 with clasping, auricled bases: bracts of the involucre bristly. 



8. dsper, Vill. Spiny -leaved sow thistle. Annual weed: resembles S'. 

 oleraceus closely, but the clasping auricles are rounded at base, stem leaves 

 not so divided and more spiny. 



C. HIERACIUM. Hawkweed. 



Hairy, or glandular-hispid, or glabrous perennials, with radical or alter- 

 nate entire leaves: head of 12-20 yellow or orange ligulate flowers, solitary 

 or panicled: involucre in one or several series, unequal: rays truncate and 

 5-toothed: akenes oblong, striate, not beaked: pappus single or double, deli- 

 cate, tawny, or brownish, stiff, not plumose. Large number of species widely 

 spread. 



H vendsum, Linn. Rattlesnake-weed. Smooth, slender, leafless or with 

 1 or few leaves, 1-2 ft., forking into a loose, spreading corymb of heads: 

 leaves thin, glaucous, radical and tufted, or near base on stem, oblong or 



