COMBINED FRUITS 



161 



%it* 



Eggplant fruits. Ej 

 large berries. 



relatively large seed or stone is a drupe. Examples are plum 



(Fig. 289), peach, cherry, apricot, olive. The walls of the 



pit in the plum, peach and 



cherry are formed from the inner 



coats of the ovary, and the flesh 



from the outer coats. Drupes are 



also known as stone-fruits. 



321. Fruits that are formed by 

 the subsequent union of separate 

 pistils are aggregate fruits. The 

 carpels in aggregate fruits are 

 usually more or less fleshy. In 

 the raspberry and blackberry flower, the pistils are essenti- 

 ally distinct, but as the pistils ripen they cohere and form 



one body. (Fig. 290.) Each of the 

 carpels or pistils in the raspberry and 

 blackberry is a little drupe, or drupelet. 

 In the raspberry the entire fruit sep- 

 arates from the torus, leaving the torus 

 on the plant. In the blackberry and 

 dewberry the fruit adheres to the torus, 

 and the two are removed together 

 when the fruit is picked. 



322. Accessory Fruits. — When the pericarp and some 

 other part grow together, the fruit is said to be accessory or 

 reinforced (311). An example is 

 the strawberry. (Fig. 291.) The 

 edible part is a greatly enlarged 

 torus, and the pericarps are 

 achenes imbedded in it. These 

 achenes are commonly called 



„ gg/Jg 29 °- Aggregate fruits of raspberry. 



323. Various kinds of reinforced fruits have received 

 special names. One of these is the hip, characteristic of roses. 

 (Fig. 292.) In this case, the torus is deep and hollow, like an 



289. Plum. Example of a 

 drupe. 



