SEED- AND BUD-VARIETIES 237 



400. Variations may arise in three ways: (1) directly 

 from seeds; (2) directly from buds; (3) by a slow change 

 or a lack of development in the entire plant after it has begun 

 to grow. 



401. Variations arising from seeds are seed-variations; 

 those that chance to be named and described are seed- 

 varieties. Never does a seed exactly reproduce its parent; 

 if it did, there would be two plants alike. Neither do any 

 two seeds, even from the same fruit, ever produce plants 

 exactly alike. Even though the seedlings resemble each 

 other so closely that people say they are the same, never- 



405. The progeny of the 



seeds of the tree shown in Fig. 404. — 



No two plants alike. 



theless they will be found to vary in size, number of leaves, 

 shape, or other features. Study Figs. 404 and 405. 



402. Variations arising directly from buds, rather than 

 from seeds, are bud-variations, and the most marked of 

 them may be described and named as bud-varieties. We 

 have learned in Chapter V how the horticulturist propagates 

 plants by means of buds : not one of these buds will repro- 

 duce exactly the plant from which it was taken. We have 

 already discovered (17, 119) that no two branches are alike, 

 and every branch springs from a bud. Bud-variation is 

 usually less marked than seed-variation, however; yet now 

 and then one branch on a plant may be so unlike every other 

 branch that the horticulturist selects buds from it and 

 endeavors to propagate it. "Weeping" or pendent branches 

 sometimes appear on upright trees; nectarines sometimes 

 are borne on one or more branches of a peach tree, and 



