244 



WEEDS 



mallow or "cheeses" (Figs. 153, 149), teasel. These weeds 

 may be mown when coming into bloom, or the plant may be 

 spudded or cut off below the crown in fall, 

 and care should be taken not to spread the 

 seeds. 



415. Some weeds persist for a longer 

 period, sometimes for many years. These 

 are perennials, as docks and daisy. Many 

 of them propagate by underground parts as 

 well as by seeds, such as quack-grass, toad- 

 flax (Fig. 227), Canada thistle, Johnson- 

 grass, nut-grass or coco-grass, bindweed, 

 hawkweed or paint-brush. In lawns and 

 gardens, the roots may be dug out, or the 

 plant cut below the ground with a spud; small 

 patches or clumps may be smothered out by 

 covering deeply with leaves or straw, or 

 sometimes crowded out by securing a dense 415. Evening prim- 

 sod on the area. Thorough and clean cultiva- rose in frmt ' 



I tion will destroy most 



kinds, but care should be 

 taken not to carry the 

 rootstocks to fresh ground 

 on the plow or cultivator. 

 Meadow and pasture seeds 

 are liable to be carried with 

 grass seed and with grain. 

 416. The best treat- 

 ment for weeds is to pre- 

 vent or change the condi- 

 tions under which they 

 thrive. A good rotation of 

 crops, cleaning up of waste 

 places and putting them 

 into crops or sod or tim- 



i Mi 



