326 



THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



ing a middle-sized tree, with dull, dark foliage; cones \]4 in. or less long, 

 usually hanging for several years, the edges of the scales often irregular. 

 Cold woods, as far south as North Carolina in the mountains. 



3. TSUGA. Hemlock Spruce. 



Differs from Picea in having 

 flat 2-ranked petioled leaves: cones 

 hanging on the end of last year's 

 branches. 



T. canadensis, Carr. Hemlock. 

 Fig. 484. Large forest tree, with 

 484. Tsuga canadensis, deep-furrowed, dark bark and 



coarse wood: leaves whitish be- 

 neath: cones not an inch long, compact. Common lumber tree. Bark much 

 used in tanning. 



4. LARIX. Larch. 



Trees of medium size: leaves soft, short, in fascicles or clusters on 

 short branchlets, falling in autumn: cones much like those of Picea, but 

 standing erect at maturity. 



L. decidua, Mill. (L. europcea, DC). European larch. Leaves 1 in. 

 long: cones of many scales, about 1 in. long. Planted for ornament and 

 timber. 



L. laricina, Koch (L. americana, Michx.). Tamarack. Hackmatack. 

 Leaves shorter and pale in color: cones of few scales, Yi in. or less long. 

 Swamps. 



5. THUJA. Arborvit^s. 



Trees, becoming large: leaves opposite, closely appressed to the branch- 

 lets, the latter frond-like: cones small, oblong or globular, of few scales. 

 Leaves awl-like on new growths and scale-like on the older growths. 



T. occidentalis, Linn. Arborxitaz. White cedar of some places. Fig. 

 485. Cones J^ in. or less long, bearing 2-winged seeds. Swamps and cold 

 woods, as far south as North Carolina in 

 the mountains. Very commonly planted 

 as a hedge evergreen and as single speci- 

 mens, but in the wild becoming very large 

 trees and much used for telegraph poles. 



485. Thuja occidentalis. 



6. JUNIPERUS. Juniper. 



Small trees or shrubs, with opposite 

 or whorled awl-like leaves (often of two 

 kinds) : fertile catkin of 3-6 fleshy scales 

 which cohere and form a berry-like fruit containing 1-3 hard seeds. 



J. communis, Linn. Common juniper. Shrub, erect or usually spreading 

 and lying close to the ground, with leaves in whorls of 3 and all alike (awl- 

 like): berries large and smooth. Banks and sterile ground. 



