ORCHIDS 341 



flowers yellow, fragrant; lip usually more marked with purplish spots or 

 lines than preceding and smaller, about 1 in. long. Low woods and thickets. 

 May to July. 



C. candidum, Muhl. Lip white, with purple veins and stripes, not 1 in. 

 long. A very rare species, found in bogs and wet meadows, New York and 

 New Jersey to Minnesota, Missouri, Kentucky. 



C. arietinum, R. Br. Slender, less than 1 ft., leafy stemmed: flower 1, 

 drooping, the 3 sepals separate and very narrow and greenish, the lip somewhat 

 shorter than sepals Vi in. long, red with lighter veins. Cold woods, North. 



2. HABENARIA. Fringed or Ragged Orchids. 



Flowers several or numerous, in open terminal spikes, each flower in 

 the axil of a foliaceous bract: corolla white, purplish or j'ellow, with lip 

 variously fringed or 3-parted and cut-toothed, spur longer than lip: 1 

 anther: pollen-mass stalked, cohering. Growing, for most part, in wet 

 places, borders of ponds, etc., through eastern United States. Several 

 species, rather too critical for the beginner and therefore not described 

 here. By some, the genus is broken up into several genera. 



3. ORCHIS. 



Very similar to Habenaria, differing in having the glands attached to 

 the pollen masses, and inclosed in a kind of pocket: the petals are arched and 

 somewhat connivent over the column. 



O. spectabilis, Linn. Stem short, from 2 large and glossy root-leaves, 

 and carrying 1 or 2 lanceolate bracts, with several flowers above, in a 

 raceme: lip white, spurred at base: other petals purplish pink, arching up 

 over the flower. Woods. 



4. SPIRANTHES. Ladies' Tresses. 



Generally characterized by small flowers, whitish, yellowish or greenish 

 white, bent horizontally and arranged in 1-3 rows spirally in a spike, 

 appearing as if twisted: stem usually bearing leaves below, or at the base: 

 lip of the little flowers not saccate but erect, oblong, recurved, channelled, 

 the base embracing the column and bearing 2 callous protuberances; anther 

 1-2-celled: 1 powdery pollen mass in each cell. Several species. 



S. cernua, Richard. Six to 20 in. high, having leafy bracts with the 

 flowers; spike dense, with flowers in 3 rows, inflorescence appearing but 

 slightly twisted: leaves lance-linear. Common in moist meadows and 

 swamps. Late summer and early autumn. 



S. gracilis, Beck. Spike and scape slender, with flowers in one straight 

 or spiral row: leaves all radical, ovate to oblong, commonly withering 

 away at or before flowering. Common in dry or sandy fields, open or 

 hilly woods. July to October. 



5. EPIPACTIS. Rattlesnake Plantain. 



In spike and perianth similar to spiranthes, but without the 2 lateral 

 callous protuberances on the lip: leaves basal, tufted, thickish, petioled, 



