370 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



small, white, the lower and side petals purplish-veined: petals beardless 

 cleistogamous flowers on erect pedicels, frequently from stolons. Wet 

 places. 



V. blanda, Willd. Sweet white violet. Stoloniferous from slender root- 

 stock: flowers fragrant: petals beardless or nearly so, white veined with 

 purple: leaves cordate or rounded: few cleistogamous flowers on curved 

 stalks. Wet places. Plant small. 



bbbb. Flowers yellow. 

 V. rotundifolia, Michx. Stoloniferous: leaves rounded to cordate, mar- 

 gin somewhat crenate, finally growing large, glossy and lying flat on the 

 ground: flowers small: lateral petals bearded, °nd with brown lines; sepals 

 blunt-pointed. Cool woodlands. 



aa. Stems evident, leafy: flowers showy on axillary stalks. 

 b. Flowers blue or violet. 



V. rostrata, Pursh. Plant 3-8 in. : leaves rounded heart-shaped, serrate, 

 the upper acuminate: stipules fringe-toothed, lanceolate: flowers pale violet, 

 darker-veined: petals beardless: spur slender, longer than corolla. Moist 

 woodland and shaded hillsides. 



V. arenaria, DC. Stems weak, 6-8 in., glabrous: leaves heart-shaped 

 or kidney-form, margin crenate: stipules lanceolate, somewhat fringe- 

 toothed: spur slender, half as long as corolla. Swamps and wet places. 

 Pale purple. American forms differ from the European. 



bb. Flowers white, tinged with pink or violet. 

 V. canadensis, Linn. Upright, 6 in. to 2 ft. : stems leafy, stipules broad- 

 lanceolate, entire: leaves large, heart-shaped, serrate: petals white inside, 

 pinkish or violet beneath, spurred petal yellow at base: lateral petals 

 bearded. Common. Rich woods. All summer. 



bbb. Flowers yellow. 

 V. pubescens, Ait. Downy yellow violet. Pubescent: stems erect, 5-20 

 in., leafy: leaves broadly heart-shaped, toothed: stipules large, entire: root- 

 leaves soon wither up: lower petals veined, more or less obscurely, with 

 purple; spur short; stigma beakless: pod downy. Dry woods. 



bbbb. Flowers of various colors: cultivated 

 V. tricolor, Linn. Garden pansy. Stems angular, branching, leafy: 

 leaves roundish to cordate: stipules leaflike, incised: flowers widely varied 

 in colors. Europe. Var. arvensis, in fields, is slender, and petals scarcely 

 exceeding sepals. 



XXII. HYPERICACE.E. St. John's-wort Family. 



Herbs or shrubs (in our species), with leaves chiefly sessile, sim- 

 ple, opposite, some with translucent or black dots: flowers regular, 

 usually in terminal cymes, and yellow; sepals and petals 4 or 5; sta- 



