386 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



d. Ovaries many, free from calyx and torus, be- 

 coming drupelets 6. Rubus 



dd. Ovaries 5-8: shrubs not prickly: leaves simple: 



flowers yellow: fruit achenes 7. Kerna 



cc. Fruit achenes inside a hollow torus 8. Rosa 



ccc. Fruit a pome: ovaries usually 5, immersed in the 

 torus. 

 d. Petals oblong-spatulate: carpels 3-5-celled, but 



appearing about 10-celled 9. Amelanchier 



dd. Petals rounded : ovaries 5. 



E. Pome with 2-seeded carpels 10. Pyrus 



ee. Pome with many-seeded carpels 11. Cydonia 



eee. Pome with 1-5 stony kernels 12. Crataegus 



cccc. Fruit 2-8 dry follicles, each several-seeded 13. Spiraea 



1. POTENTILLA. Five-finger. Cinquefoil. 



Herbs (sometimes shrubby) with flat deeply 5-cleft calyx and 5 bracts 

 beneath it, and 5 obtuse, mostly yellow or white petals; stamens many: fruit 

 an achene, of which there are many in a little head on the small, dry torus: 

 leaves compound. 



P. norvegica, Linn. An erect (1-2 ft. tall) very hairy and coarse annual, 

 with 3 obovate, or oblong serrate leaflets and small flowers in which the yel- 

 low corolla is usually not so large as the calyx. Common weed. 



P. canadensis, Linn. Common five-finger. Trailing, strawberry-like 

 with 5 narrow leaflets, but the lateral ones deeply lobed: flowers solitary, 

 on axillary peduncles, bright yellow. Fields; common. 



P. argentea, Linn. Perennial, with stem prostrate, branching above, 

 white-woolly: leaflets 5, wedge-oblong, green above, white-pubescent beneath, 

 with a few large, incised teeth, and margins revolute: flowers small, cymose, 

 yellow; stamens about 20. June to September, in dry soil. 



P. fruticosa, Linn. Stem erect (1-2 ft.), shrubby, diffusely branched: 

 leaves pinnate, with 5-7 sessile leaflets, margins entire, revolute: flowers 

 axillary; petals yellow, orbicular, and longer than calyx, 1 in. broad. 

 Marshy and wet ground. June to September. 



2. GfiUM. Avens. 



Perennial, erect herbs, with odd-pinnate or lyrate leaves, with stipules: 

 flowers resembling those of Potentilla; calyx 5-cleft with 5 alternate 

 bracts; stamens, many: achenes numerous, aggregated on a conical recep- 

 tacle, with long persistent styles jointed, or bent, or plumose. 



G. rivale, Linn. Stems erect, 1-2 ft., several-flowered: root-leaves 

 lyrate, and irregularly pinnate, petioled: stem-leaves few, usually of 3 

 leaflets, or 3-lobed: flowers few, large, nodding, the calyx purplish, the 

 petals clawed, erect, yellowish purple; styles purplish, jointed and bent in 

 middle, stigmas plumose: fruit stalked in the calyx. May to July. Bogs. 



G. canadense, Jacq. From 2-3 ft., with stem erect, branching, smooth 

 or downy: root-leaves of 3-5 leaflets, or simple with smaller leaflets at base: 



