SOLANACE.E 409 



c. Stamens with anthers equaling or exceeding the 

 filaments. 

 D. Anthers separate or barely connected, opening 



at the top 2. Solanum 



dd. Anthers united, opening lengthwise 3. Lycopersicum 



cc. Stamens with anthers much shorter than filaments. 4. Capsicum 

 aa. Fruit a capsule. 



b. Calyx 5-parted to near base 5. Petunia 



bb. Calyx toothed, not deep-parted. 



c. Pod usually prickly, large 6. Datura 



cc. Pods not prickly, small 7. Nicotiana 



1. PHtfSALIS. Ground Cherry. 



Herbs, flowering through the summer: flowers solitary, nodding on 

 axillary peduncles: leaves alternate or often somewhat paired, margins 

 entire or sinuate: calyx enlarging after flowering, and finally inclosing the 

 pulpy berry as a much-inflated papery sac; corolla yellowish or white, often 

 with dark center, wheel-shaped, with short tube, the border obscurely 

 5-lobed, plaited in bud. 



P. virginiana, Mill. Perennial by rootstocks, viscid: fruiting calyx 

 pyramidal, closed, more or less 5-angled and indented at base: berry reddish 

 yellow, edible, not filling the loosely inflated calyx: corolla yellow, nearly 

 an inch in diameter, with brown center, and edge 5- to 10-angled: anthers 

 yellow. Open places, in rich soil. Summer. 



P. pubescens, Linn. Low annual, more or less pubescent and clammy: 

 stem generally diffuse in branching, 9-18 in. tall, often somewhat swollen at 

 nodes: corolla small, about J*j in. across, yellow or greenish, with a dark, 

 spotted center; anthers purple: the green or yellow berry does not fill the 

 closed, 5-angled calyx. In low or damp places. 



2. SOLANUM. Nightshade. 



Perennials or annuals: calyx and corolla 5-parted, the latter rotate; 

 Btamens 5, exserted, the anthers separate and opening by a pore in the top: 

 berry 2-loculed. 



a. Plants not prickly. 



S. tuberosum, Linn. Potato. Figs. 24, 45, 242. Low, diffuse-growing 

 perennial, producing stem-tubers on slender underground rootstocks: leaves 

 pinnate, the leaflets differing in size and ovate: flowers bluish: berries globu- 

 lar, yellowish green. Warm temperate elevations of tropical America. The 

 "Irish," "white" or "round" potato. 



S. nigrum, Linn. Common nightshade. Branchy annual, 1-2 ft., nearly 

 smooth: leaves ovate, wavy-margined: flowers small, white: berries small, 

 black. Waste places. 



S. Dulcamara, Linn. Bittersweet. Fig. 424. Tall, loosely climbing: leaves 

 cordate-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, often with 2 or 4 small leaflets at the base: 

 flowers email, violet-purple: berries oval, red. Perennial. Common. 



