BORRAGINACEiE 413 



tube; ovary deeply 4-lobed, with style in center; stigmas 1 or 2: fruit 

 usually 4 separate 1-seeded nutlets at bottom of persistent calyx. 

 About 1,500 species and 80 genera. 



A. Ovary entire, style terminal: fruit dry nutlets (2 or 4).l. Heliotropium 

 aa. Ovary deeply 4-parted, or 4-divided, the style rising 

 from the center. 



B. Corolla and stamens regular. 



c. Fruits (nutlets) bur-like, prickly or spiny. 



d. Nutlets oblique, fixed by apex, or laterally, 



to style, covered all over by hooked prickles. 2. Cynoglossum 

 dd. Nutlets erect, fixed by base or side to the 

 central column: prickles in 1 or more rows 



on the surface 3. Lappula 



CC. Fruits (nutlets) not armed with prickles. 



D. Nutlets attached laterally to the .receptacle: 



flowers rather large 4. Mertensia 



dd. Nutlets attached by bases to receptacle. 



E. Flowers not bracted, in racemes 5. Myosotis 



ee. Flowers bracted, in racemes 6. Lithospermum 



bb. Corolla irregular: stamens unequal 7. Echium 



1. HELIOTROPIUM. Heliotrope. 



Perennial or annual herbs (or shrubs) with white or purplish, small 

 flowers in 1-sided spikes: flowers alternate, usually entire; stamens short, 

 anthers nearly sessile; style short, with conical stigma; ovary 4-celled: 

 fruit, 4 nutlets or two 2-celled nutlets. 



H. peruvianum, Linn. Common garden heliotrope. Pubescent or rough, 

 often rather shrubby: leaves lance-ovate to oblong, short-petioled, veiny 

 and wrinkled: flowers very fragrant, white to lilac. 



2. CYNOGL6SSUM. Hound's Tongue. Stick-tight. 



Tall, coarse, usually rough and unpleasantly scented hairy weeds, with 

 large entire alternate leaves: flowers small, inconspicuous, in racemes or 

 forked cymes, some bracted; corolla short, nearly wheel form, with 5 con- 

 verging, blunt scales closing the throat; ovary deeply 4-parted, with style 

 from center: fruit of bur-like nutlets, covered with hooked prickles. 



C. officinale, Linn. A coarse, pubescent, troublesome dock-like weed 

 from Europe, dull green, smelling like mice, grows to 1 or 2 ft., leafy to 

 the top: leaves softly pubescent, lance-oblong, mostly sessile: corolla dull 

 reddish purple, not % in. across: nutlets margined. Biennial. 



C. virginianum, Linn. Stem stout, 2-3 ft. tall, bristly hairy, leafless 

 above: leaves oblong oval with clasping bases: flowers pale blue, bractless, 

 on short pedicels in terminal short spikes: nutlets not margined. Perennial. 



3. LAPPULA (Echinospermum). Stick-seed. Bur-seed. 



Annual or biennial weeds in dry soils, grayish with hairs: leaves alter- 

 nate, narrow, entire: flowers small, blue or white, in terminal, leafy-bracted 



