BORRAGINACEiE — HYDROPHYLLACEjE 415 



L. canescens, Lehm. Puccoon. Not so rough as preceding, but hoary, 

 6-18 in. high: flowers yellow axillary smaller and corolla-throat appendaged, 

 hut not bearded. Grows in open woodlands and fields, Canada to Alabama 

 and West. 



7. ECHIUM. Viper's Bugloss. 



Stout and coarse herbs: leaves alternate, entire: flowers rather large, 

 usually blue or purplish, in spicate or panicled racemes; calyx-segments 5, 

 narrow; corolla irregular, with 5 unequal lobes, short-tubed, and throat not 

 bearded; stamens 5, unequal, and long-exserted; stigmas 2 or 2-lobed: 

 nutlets 4, erect, rough-wrinkled. 



E. vulgare, Linn. Stems 1-3 ft. erect, leafy, very bristly hairy: leaves 

 lanceolate, sessile on stem, 4-8 in. long: flowers bright purplish, chang- 

 ing to bright blue in 1-sided spikes. Biennial; early summer. Naturalized 

 from Europe, and becoming a showy but troublesome weed in places. 



XXXIX. HYDROPHYLLACE.E. Waterleaf Family. 



Mostlv hirsute or scabrous herbs, with good-sized mostly alter- 

 nate, simple or compound leaves: flowers regular, 5-parted, in 1-sided 

 cymes, spikes or racemes; ovary superior, 1-celled, with 2 parietal 

 placentae, or apparently 2-celled; styles 2 or 2-cleft: capsule usually 

 loculicidally 2-valved. Nearly 200 species, but only 1 genus frequent 

 in northeastern states. 



HYDROPHYLLUM. Waterleaf. 



Perennial, usually found in rich, low woods: leaves large, petioled: 

 cymes more or less coiled: calyx often with small appendages at the notches 

 of the lobes; corolla bell-shape, 5-cleft, usually convoluted in bud and bear- 

 ing 5 folds or scales inside the tube; style and stamens (with hairy filaments) 

 projecting. In shady places, these interesting plants make heavy masses 

 of foliage. 



H. macrophyllum, Nutt. A hoary-hairy plant, about 1 ft. tall, branching: 

 leaves pinnately cut: flower-cluster on long stout peduncle: corolla white 

 or bluish, about 1 in. across: sepals not appendaged at base: stamens longer 

 than corolla. 



H. appendiculatum, Michx. Hairy, 1-1 ^ ft. tall: leaves large, mostly 

 5-lobed or angled, some of the lower ones pinnately parted: flower clusters 

 loose ; corolla blue ; sepals appendaged at bases, bristly hairy ; stamens not 

 much if any longer than corolla. 



H. canadense, Linn. About 1 ft. high, smoothish: leaves all rounded, 

 with 5-9 shallow lobes, and heart-shaped bases, or with small leaflets on the 

 petioles: corolla white or purplish. //. virginicum, Linn., is closely allied, 

 but has pinnately divided leaves. 



