430 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



S. racemosa, Linn. Red elder. Pith and berries red: flowers in spring 

 in pyramidal clusters: leaflets lanceolate, downy beneath. 



S. canadensis, Linn. Common elder. White elder. Pith white: berries 

 black-purple, in late summer, edible: flower-clusters convex or nearly flat, 

 in summer: leaflets oblong, smooth. 



XLIX. CAMPANULACEjE. Bellflower Family. 



Herbs (with us): leaves alternate, simple, without stipules: flow- 

 ers regular and perfect, mostly bell-shaped corollas, 5-lobed or 5- 

 angled; calyx 5-lobed; stamens 5, distinct; ovary 2-5-celled; style 1; 

 stigmas 2-5: fruit a capsule. Some 1,200 or more species. 



a. Corolla (of the conspicuous flowers) wheel-shape: early 



flowers not opening (cleistogamous) 1. Specularia 



aa. Corolla bell-form: flowers all alike 2. Campanula 



1. SPECULARIA. 



Annual herbs, with erect, angled stems, simple or branching: leaves 

 entire or toothed: flowers sessile or nearly so, axillary, solitary or clustered, 

 the early ones cleistogamous and small, the later expanding, light blue, 

 5-lobed, wheel-shaped corolla; filaments shorter than the anthers. 



S. perfoliata, DC. Stems erect, simple or branched, 10 in. to 3 ft. tall, 

 leafy, the leaves rounded heart-shaped or broadly ovate, with clasping bases: 

 flowers solitary, 2 or 3 together in leaf-axils. More or less weedy. 



S. Speculum, DC. Venus' looking-glass. Low garden annual, with stem 

 branching diffusely: flowers purplish lilac to rose-colored or white, solitary 

 and terminal: leaves oblong, crenate. 



2. CAMPANULA. Bellflower. Harebell. 



Flowers solitary or racemed or spiked, blue or white, not cleistogamous: 

 calyx 5-lobed; corolla bell-shaped: pod roundish, opening at sides (Fig. 283). 



C. aparinoides, Pursh. A weak, reclining, Galium-like perennial, found 

 among grasses in moist meadows: stem very slender, triangular, angles 

 bearing rough backward-pointing prickles: leaves small, lance-linear, entire: 

 flowers very small, about l /i in. long, white, on spreading pedicels. 



C. rotundifolia, Linn. Common harebell. Perennial from slender root- 

 stocks, nearly or quite glabrous, 5-12 in. high: root-leaves rounded or 

 cordate, often withering before blooming season, the stem-leaves linear to 

 narrow-lanceolate, entire: flowers few or solitary on slender pedicels, nod- 

 ding when open; corolla bell-shaped, with pointed lobes, Y^-Yz in. long, blue. 

 Rocky places, northward. 



C. Medium, Linn. Canterbury bell. Cultivated from Europe, annual 

 or biennial, erect to 3 ft., rather hairy, branching or simple: leaves lanceo- 

 late, rather coarsely-toothed: flowers 2-3 in. long, single or double, blue; 

 stigmas 5; sepals leafy-appendaged at base. 



