SIMPLE POWDERED VEGETABLE DRUGS 127 



Sclerenchyma elements present Guarana 



Sclerenchyma elements wanting. Yellow color Curcuma 



Simple starch granules 



Aggregate crystals present, large Rumex 



Aggregate crystals wanting 



Starch granules very large, hilum large Calumba 



Starch granules medium Menispermum 



Compound starch granules 



Sclerenchyma cells in groups Asclepias 



Sclerenchyma sparingly present, single cells 



Raphides present Veratrum 



Raphides wanting 



Stone cells rectangular, thin-walled Aconitum 



; Stone cells typical (root) Pareira 



.... Starch sparingly present or wanting 



.... Sclerenchyma (or bast fibers) branching 



Prunus serotina and Viburnum pninifoh'um 



Sclerenchyma cells not branching 



Inulin present (root) Pyrethrum 



Inulin wanting 



Parenchyma cells large, thin-walled 



Crystals present Aleppo galls 



Crystals wanting . : : Colocynth 



Parenchyma cells medium in size 



Walls thin 



Sclerenchyma cells deep red (fruit) Phytolacca 



Sclerenchyma cells brownish Piper 



Walls not thin 



Sclerenchyma elongated 



Yellowish resin present Paracoto and Goto 



No resin. Cells bast-like Caffea 



Cystoliths present Ruellia ciliosa 



Sclerenchyma cells not elongated 



Sclerenchyma cells singly Amygdala 



Sclerenchyma cells in groups 



Crystals present 



Yellowish wax present 



Simple starch granules Canella 



Compound starch granules Rhus glabra 



Wax wanting Cornus 



Crystals wanting 



Sclerenchyma unevenly thick. . (seed) Hyoscyamus 



Sclerenchyma typical Cubeba 



Sclerenchyma cells wanting or very sparingly present 



. . Bast present 



.... Starch plentiful 



Acicular crystals (raphides) present 



Small aggregate starch. Spiral ducts Cypripedium 



Large simple starch. No spiral ducts (root) Phytolacca 



Acicular crystals wanting 



